LUCWANINGO NGESIVE SAKANGOMANE MANDLENKOSI CLlFFORD NGOMANE 2005 LUCWANINGO NGESIVE SAKANGOMANE NGU- MANDLENKOSI CLlFFORD NGOMANE KWETFULWA KWENETISA TIDZINGO TETICU te-MASTER OF ARTS LITIKO LESIZULU NEMAGUGU ENYUVESIYAKAZULU UMHLOLI: DKT P.M. LUBISI LUSUKU: 15 BHIMBIDVWANE 2005 II SIFUNGO Mine Mandlenkosi C1ifford Ngomane ngiyavuma kutsi lomsebenzi nobe lolucwaningo ngesive sakaNgomane ngumsebenti lengitfolelwe wona, lokunye ngisitwa tincwandzi letibhalwe ngulabanye. Lapho bese ngifaka siciniseko sekutsi ngikutsatsa kuyiphi incwadzi. M.C. NGOMANE III LUSUKU SETFULO Lomsebenti ngiwetfula kubabe wami Magogo Daniel Ngomane lebekanesifiso sokungibona ngifundzile, lapho akhona ngitsi mine tifiso takhe setitawuba sobala. Kungako ngitsi akalale ngekuthula. Angeke nangeliphutsa ngikholwe mkhulu wami, Ngangabani Isaya Magagula lokungulomunye labengifisela tilokotfo letinhle njalo. Ngitsi mkhulu lapho ukhona lala ngekuthula. IV KUBONGA Ngitsandza kubonga Doketela P.M. Lubisi kutsi angisite angibeketelele ekutseni lolucwaaningo Iwami lube sezingeni leliphakeme. Ungikhombisile netindlela tekubhala ngiyetsemba kutsi kulolutako ngitawubhala kalula. Ngibonga naConstance Sibongile Msibi kungelekelela kubhala lomsebenti. Ngibonga konkhe lebengikutfola ekhaya uma ngenta lolucwaningo. Ngiyambonga neMdali kungipha emandla ekutsi ngibhale lomsebenzi. Ngiyetsemba sive sakaNgomane sitawutsakasela lomsebenti. Ngibonga Mvelinchanti kungipha emandla nelwati Iwekutsi ngikhone kucedza lolucwaningo. Ngibonge nemndeni wami kutsi etikhatsini letinyenti bewungikhutsata kutsi ngifundze nanobe bekumatima. Ngingakhohlwa nekubonga make longitalako Ntombikayise Tryphinah Ngomane nabodzadzewetfu C1arah, Sellah, Dulci, Khabo naCeliwe, nabo ngiyabonga ngalokwendlulele ngisho nebanaketfu boBonga kanye naClement. Angigcine ngekubonga Iona lobaluleke kakhulu, umkami Philisiwe Bongekile Ngomane ngekungikhutsata ekwenteni lomsebenti. v SIFINYETO SEHLUKO SEKUCALA Sehluko lesetfula lucwaningo ngekutsi sivete singeniso, inhloso yelucwaningo yekugcamisa imvelaphi, lusendvo nekubaluleka kwesive sakaNgomane. Kuvetwe tindlela telucwaningo, kubaluleka kwalo lucwaningo, kuchazwa kwemagama latsite lanjengalawa: sibongo, tibongo, sive, nalamanye. SEHLUKO SESIBIU Umlandvo webukhosi bakaNgomane nekulandzelana kwemakhosi wendlaliwe. Kutsintfwe netindzawo lapho lesive besihamba khona size sifinyelele lapho sesitinte khona nyalo. Lusendvo Iwebukhosi kuye kufinyelele kulawa labusako nyalo. SEHLUKO SESITSATFU Setfula inkholo yesive sakaNgomane, emasiko kubaluleka kweMvelinchanti nemadloti esiveni sonkhe. Inchubo yesive ivetiwe lapho kwentiwa imisebenti yesive lefanana nefana nekuphahla, kubata, kwacha tibaya nalokunye. SEHLUKO SESINE Lapha kutsintfwe lulwimi nemasiko esive sakaNgomane. Kulapho kuvela khona kutsi lulwimi Iwabo beluba netinhlavana tetilwimi tetive bebakhelene nato. Ngaphansi kwemasiko kutsintfwe imfuyo nalokudliwako. SEHLUKO SESIHLANU Budlelwano besive sakaNgomane naletinye tive bucwaningisisiwe ikakhulu nebakaDlamini lokungabo labahlanganisa sive seMaswati. Kuye kwavetwa ngemphilo yebaka Ngomane kusukela esikhatsini sebuNguni kuye kufinyelele nyalo kuseMaswati. VI SEHLUKO SESITFUPHA Sigcamisa luhlatiyo Iwelucwaningo netincomo letitsintsa emasiko, lulwimi, umlandvo wesive senibongo. Siphetfo siveta incabhayi yalolunye lucwaningo lolutsintsa letinye tive. LOKUCUKETFWE SEHLUKO 1 UKHASI 1.0 Setfulo 1 1.1 Singeniso 1 1.2 Inhloso yeluncwaningo 2 1.3 Tindlela telucwaningo 2 1.3.1 Indlela yekufundza tincwadi 2 1.3.2 Kubuta kulabandzala 3 1.3.3 Kusebentisa emaphephandzaba 3 1.3.4 Kusebentisa Iwati Iwasemsakatweni 3 1.4 Kubaluleka kwelucwaningo 3 1.5 Kusatjaliswa kwelwati 4 1.6 Umkhawulo welucwaningo 4 1.7 Kuchazwa kwemagama 5 1.7.1 Sibongo 5 1.7.2 Tibongo 5 1.7.3 Sive 6 1.8 Umlandvo lomfisha weMaswati 10 1.9 Siphetfo 21 VII SEHLUKO 2 2.0 Umlando ngebukhosi bakaNgomane 22 2.1 Singeniso 22 2.2 Kwehlukana kwesive sakaNgomane 26 2.2.1 LUdvonga I eSwatini (Ca - 1738) 26 2.2.2 Ngomane Mdletje (Ca - 1744) 26 2.2.3 Ngomane I Swatini (Ca - 1738) 27 2.2.4 Inkhosi Simhulu Ngomane (1814 - 1825) 27 2.2.5 Inkhosi Majembeni bakaNgomane 28 2.2.6 Kulandzela kwebukhosi bakaNgomane 29 2.2.7 Bukhosi baka-Hhoyi 30 2.2.7.1 Inkhosi Khungwane Ngomane 1771 - 1865 30 2.2.7.2 Inkhosi Mahumane Ngomane 31 2.2.7.3 Inkhosi Ntiyi Ngomane 1849 - 1860 31 2.2.7.4 Inkhosi Hhoyi Ngomane (Ca- 1891 - 1900) 32 2.2.7.5 Bukhosi bakaNgomane 33 2.2.7.6 Inkhosi Ntiyi II Ngomane (1930 - 2000) 33 2.2.8 Inkhosi Mfufane (1810 - 1845) 34 2.2.8.1 Inkhosi Sidlemu Ngomane 1845 35 2.2.8.2 Inkhosi Shinyukane Ngomane 1872 35 2.2.8.3 Inkhosi Mjejane Ngomane 1859 - 1912 35 2.2.8.4 Inkhosi Lugedlane Ngomane 1836 36 2.2.8.5 Inkhosi Makhomba Ngomane 1949 37 2.2.8.6 Inkhosi Shinyukane Philemon Ngomane (1826 - 1854)38 2.2.8.7 Inkhosi Mbhunu Ngomane 39 2.2.9 Bukhosi bakaMachekeza 40 2.2.9.1 Ikhosi Sibhutela naNgoloma Ngomane 40 2.2.9.2 Ikhosi Ngoveni Ngomane 41 VIII 2.2.9.3 Inkhosi Ngoveni Ngomane (1820 - 1868) 41 2.2.9.4 Inkhosi Mgubho Ngomane (1857 - 2887) 41 2.2.9.5 Inkhosi Mjokwane Ngomane (1890) 42 2.2.9.6 Inkhosi Maqhekeza Ngomane ((1891 - 1942) 42 2.2.9.7 Inkhosi Siboshwa Ngomane (1911 0 1946) 43 2.2.9.8 Inkhosi Makunyule Ngomange 43 SEHLUKO 3 3.0 Inkhosi yesive sakaNgomane 48 3.1 Singeniso 48 3.2 Emasiko 49 3.3 Mvelinchanti 52 3.4 Emadloti 54 3.5 Kuphahla 58 3.6 Kufa 60 3.7 Imvula 61 3.8 Emabele/ummbila 61 3.9 Leminye imisebenti 62 3.10 Siphetfo 63 SEHLUK04 4.0 Lulwimi nemasiko 65 4.1 Singeniso 65 4.2 Sibongo sakaNgomane nelulwimi 67 4.2.1 Tinanatelo 68 4.3 Imphilo yesive sakaNgomane nemnotfo kanye netembangave 71 4.3.1 Tinkhomo 71 IX 4.3.2 T1mbuti 4.4.3 T1nkhukhu 4.3.4 T1ngulube 4.5 Lokutfolakala Emasimini 4.4.1 T1ndlubu 4.4.2 Emabele 4.4.3 Ummbila 72 72 73 73 73 74 74 4.4.4 Emantongomane 74 4.4.5 Imfe 74 4.6 Tembangave 74 4.5.1 Inkhosi Dlema Ngomane nenkhosi Mswati 75 4.5.2 Inkhosi Mphoti Ngomane (Kalugedlane) 75 4.5.3 Kuncishiswa kwetinkhomo nga-1938 76 4.5.4 Kutsela kwetinja nebantfu 76 4.7 Imphilo yesive sakaNgomane 77 4.6.1 Buganu 78 4.6.2 Umcombotsi 81 4.6.3 Kuhlaba 82 4.6.4 Kuganana 84 4.6.5 Kulobola 85 4.8 Budlelwano lobukhona phakatsi kwabakaNgomane naletinye tibongo 88 4.7.1 BakaNgomane nebakaKubhayi 88 4.7.2 BakaNgomane nebakaMalale 88 4.7.3 BakaNgomane nebakaMdletje 89 4.7.4 BakaNgomane nebakaMpapane 89 4.8 90 SEHLUKO 5 5 Budlelwano besive sakaNgomane naletinye tive. 92 5.4 Singeniso 92 x 5.5 Lucwaningo IwaKhumalo 92 5.6 Kulwaningo LwaMatsebula 93 5.7 Bukhosi bakaDlamini nebakaNgomane 94 5.8 BaNguni baseMbo 97 5.9 Imisebenti yaSobhuza I 98 5.10 Lucwaningo IwaKuper 100 5.11 Kuhlobana etibongweni teMaswati 101 5.8.1 Emaswati aseMpumalanga nelive leMaswati 104 5.8.2 Emaswati aseNshonalanga nnelive leMaswati 105 5.8.3 EMaswati aseNingizimu nelive leMaswati 107 5.8.4 Emaswati aseNyakatfo nelive leMaswati 108 5.12 Siphetfo 110 SEHLUKO 6 6 Luhlatiyo, lokutfolakele, tincomo kanye nesiphetfo 111 6.4 Singeniso 111 6.5 Luhlatiyo Iwelucwaningo 111 6.6 Lokutfolakele netincomo 112 6.7 Siphetfo 113 7. Tincwadzi letisentjetisiwe XI 114 SEHLUKOl 1.0. SETFULO SELUCWANINGO 1.1. S1NGENISO Lapha kulolucwaningo kulapho sitama khona kuhlwaya sihlwayisise ngebunjalo besive sakaNgomane njengobe sikhona lamuhla. Kulesinye sikhatsi kuye kube matima kutfola umnyombo nobe inhlitiyo yendzaba ngenca yekutsi utitfola uhlangabetana netindzatjana letinyenti leticondze indzaba yinye. Loku kudala kutsi kubekhona kuphikisana ngemibono kudzingeke kutsi kuhlalwe phansi kucodswane kute kuphunywe nelikhambi nobe nesisombululo kuleyo nkinga. Nalapha nasibuka umlandvo wakaNgomane, banyenti labatsi bakaNgomane bavela eMphumalanga(Mozambiki) kantsi akusinjalo. Laba bakaNgomane sibatfola lapho basaya kaZulu ngabo 1700. Kusukela lapho sibalandzele njalo site sitofika lapha bakhona nyalo. Naloku kungumsebenti lotsi awube matima kwenta lucwaningo lolunjengalolu, ngobe lokunyenti akubhalwanga phansi kudzingeka kutsi utfole Iwati ngetindlela letinyenti lokukubita kutsi uhambe nobe uhlale nebantfu labadzala bakucocele tindzaba letinyenti. Kungako situkulwane lesitako sitakutfola kumelula kutsi sitfutfukise lolwati ngenca yekutsi lokunyenti sitakutfola sekubhalwe phansi, kantsi Iona locale ngalolucwaningo nguye lohlupheke kakhulu kwendlula Iona lotawube asalucedzela. Ekucodsaneni kwami nababe Magogo Daniel Ngomane lokunyenti lebekakusho ngemlomo wakhe bese akubhale phansi. Kungako nami ngikubona kukuhle kutsi umsebenti ngiwuchube njengoba bakhona nalabanye lebatawutsandza kuwuchuba Iona lengiwentile, babenelutfo lekusukela kulo. Ngitsi uma umuntfu afuna kwenta lokuncono nobe atfole lokuncono kunaloku ngingajabula, kodvwa lokungumlandvo wesive sakaNgomane. Sibongo sakaNgomane sitfolakala etindzaweni letinyenti. Siyatfolakala Kwalulu-Natali lekukholelwa kutsi ngulabo bebalandzela sigaba sebaNguni lesatiwa ngekutsi emaNtungwa. Sikhona eMozambiki kubesigaba sebaNguni lesatiwa ngekutsi ngemaThonga. Sinyenti kakhulu esigabeni sebaMbo lesigcwele e5watini nasetifundzaveni Iitimbili iMpumalanga neUmpompo. BakaNgomane banyenti kakhulu etiindzaweni letisedvutane nalemifula: Lubhalule, uMgwenyana, uMgwenya, uMlumati, iNkomazi naleminye. BakaNgomane bahlala etindzaweni letakhelwe tive teBapedi, teMandebele neMatsonga. Loko kwenta luwimi Iwabo lubhice naletinye tilwimi. Emasiko abo ngulawo esive seMaswatii anjengobe anjalo, loko lekukhombisa ngalokugcwele kutsi bangeMaswati. Asibukisise sifanekiso lesilandzelako: BANGUNI BANGUNI BANGUNI BANGUNI BANGUNI EMANTUNGWA EMALALA BAMBO EMATHONGA \ /IEMANGOMANE I BakaNgomane batfolakala etigabeni letimbili tebaNguni. Tonkhe tibongo teMaswati tiingena ngaphansi kwaletigaba tebaNguni letimbili letehla kusukela emachibini 2 aseNkhabave taye tayewusima esifundzaveni saKazulu embikwekutsi tihlehlele emuva tigcine titinte lapho tihlala khona nyalo. 1.2. INHLOSO YELUCWANINGO Lolucwaningo luhlose kwenta loku lokulanclzelako: <0> Kuveta umlandvo wesive sakaNgomane lapho sidzabuka khona njengobe sikhona siphila lamuhla. <0> Kuveta kutsi sibongo netibongo kuyini. <0> Kubuka kutsi lesive sakaNgomane inkholo yasa itsini ihluke ngani kuletinye tinkholo letikhona. <0> Kuveta ebantfwini kutsi lesive sakaNgomane sichumana kanjani naletinye. Nekutsi kwaya ngani sititfole sesikhuluma lulwimi lwe5iswati lolubhicene neseSitsonga. 1.3. T1NDLELA TELUCWANINGO Lolucwaningo litawulanclzela letindlela letilanclzelako ngenhloso yekugcogca Iwati loIumayelana netibongo ikakhuJukati sibongo sakaNgomane: 1.3.1. Indlela yekufundza Tincwadzi Lapha ngitamile kutsi ngifunclze tincwaclzi letinyentana letikhuluma ngaso lesive sakaNgomane. Kodvwa lengikutfolile kuncane kakhulu lokubhaliwe ngaso lesibongo sakaNgomane. Noko loko lebebangicambitela kona ngiyetsemba kutawugcina 3 kuyincwadzi lebhalwe phansL Kantsi futsi nabo labantfu imphilo yabo isuselwa ebumnyameni futsi kuba sengatsi kuyacatjangwa kutsi lesive sakaNgomane lesesikhona nyalo Iinyenti litsi singebaNguni baseThonga.. Basho konkhe loku akukho lapho kubhalwe khona, kuyacatjangelwa ngoba babeva bakhuluma sona lesiShangane. Lokubalulekile lapha kutsi Iona locwaningako kumele akuvete loku kube sebaleni nobe kubonakale kubhalwe phansi kutsi lesive sisondzalana kanjani nebaNguni baseThonga. 1.3.2. Kubuta Labadzala Kulesive sakaNgomane kubuhlungu impela ngobe bantfu labadzala sebayindlala futsi bantfu labati umlandvo sebancane kakhulu linyenti ulitfola Iitidlela emankwebevu alitihluphi ngalokwenteka edvute nabo, lomunye nawumbuta kutsi ngemnyaka lotalwa ngawo bekungubani inkhosi yesive kuvele kuhlwe emini ungayotfoli kwamphendvulo leyo. Lwati lengilutfole kuMagogo Daniel Ngomane lungisite kakhulu kulolucwaningo.Wente kutsi lomsebenti ngiwente kalula ngobe bekangikhutsata onkhe emalanga. 1.3.3. Ktnetrentisa Emaphephanclzaba/Bhuku Lena ngulenye yetindlela lengitisebentisako kutfola lwati mayelana nesive sakaNgomane. Nanome kulendlela kunetinkinga kantsi lolwati lunyenti kufanana naletinye tibongo, lekumaphephandzaba ukutfola emva kwetinyanga letinyenti futsi ukutfola kube siceshana nje. Lokunyenti kutfolakala ngendlela yekutsi ucocelwe ngibe bantfu labadzala. 4 1.3.4. Kusebentisa Lwati Lwasemsakatweni lolunye lwati lutfolakala emsakatweni weSiswati (Ugwalagwala FM). lapha kusuke kulalelwa tinhlelo letitsintsa emasiko kanye netibongo letahlukene, kushiwo nekutsi sive lesitsite sichamukaphi. lapho kukhulunywa ngekutsi OOntfu laOOtsite ooze OObonakale OOyaluka, OOvelaphi nekutsi OOluhlobo luni. 1.4. Kubaluleka KwelUCWilningo lolucwaningo luOOlulekile esiveni saseNingizimu Afrika. Ingani phela luveta umlandvo nemvelaphi yesive sakaNgomane. Nemasiko nawo lusha luyakhona kuweva afundziswa. Wonkhe lofuna kwati ngemvelaphi yakhe utawuba senhlanhleni yekutsi eve kulolucwaningo kutsi avelaphi emasiko nelulwimi Iwakhe. 1.5. KUSATlAlAIISWA KWELWATI Ngalencwadzi lebhaliwe tinyenti tindlela letitawusentjetiswa ekusabalaliseni lolwati singabhala ema-atikili kumajenali. lamanye ekhophi atawufakwa kumatapomabhuku (libraries). Loku kutawenta Iowa lofuna kufundza atifundzele ngalokukhulu kukhululeka nekutsi uma alufuna Iolwati kuyolusebentisa utatitapela. Kantsi futsi njengobe lumayelana nesive sakaNgomane, Emhlanganweni nobe nakubekwa inkhosi kuleyo midmbi kungasentjetiswa 1010 Iwati nabo OOlwendlulisela embili. Nekutsi bati kahle ngelikllsasa labo kanye nelimuva labo. Njengoba emsakatweni "Ugwalagwala FM" kulapho nami lolunye lwati ngalutfola khona ngitimisele nekutsi emsakatweni ngilalele konkhe lokukhulunywako. NemaphephandzaOO nawo angasentjetiswa kusaOOlalisa lolwati lolubaluleke kakhulu nakangaka. 5 1.6. UMKHAWULO WALOLUCWANINGO Lapha kutawubukwa umlandvo nemasiko kanye nelulwimi Iweslve sakaNgomane. Lona mhlahlandlela welucwaningo utawusita nalabo lebeta emuva. Lolucwaningo lutosebenta kukhutsata naletinye tive kute nato tente lokufanako tibhale lokutsite mayelana nato. 1.7. KUCHAZWA KWEMAGAMA Manyenti sibili emagama lasetjentisiwe kulolucwaningo kepha kutawuchazwa nankha lalandzelako ngenhloso yekutsi kucaciswe kahle nasekasetjentiswa: 1.7.1. Sibongo Sibongo Iigama lalowo longumcambi wesive. Ngukhokhonchantii waleso sive. Kusuke kukhona lokugcamile kuye lokungaba kuhlakanipha, buchawe, buholi, bugabazi, nalokunye lokumenta ehluke kulabanye. Sibongo sakaNgomane sisuselwa emholini Ngomane. Sibongo lesisiselwe ebitweni ingomane Ielisho kubhulwa kwemahawu noma kwetihlangu kusuke umsindo lomkhulu. Leslbongo sihambisana nebuchawe etimphini, bugabazi etibhimbini, ludvumo emmangweni nalokunye. 6 Lusendvo IwakaNgomane lugcanyiswa sinanatelo salesibongo kanje: (NGOMAN? 1 IMSHIKPl 1 ~IDLAMATIKq ?IDLEMU IMDUMEZULU 1 1 IMGANU I IMAMPUKq Lawa lavetwe ngenhla ngemachawe elusenndvo IwakaNgomane esikhatsini setigaba tebuNguni kungafinyelwa etiveni letikhona teMaswati, eMazulu, eMachoza, neMandebele. Sibongo ligama lelehlukanisa sive. Onkhe eMaswati anesibongo.lokusibongo akupheli kuyingunaphakadze kuleso sive. Ngisho nemfati nakatewendza uba nalesakhe sibongo nesekhakhakhe ate ayekufa.Sibonelo: LaShongwe waka Ngomane ngekutalwa waka Shongwe kodvwa wendze kaNgomane. Ngesintfu bantfu labanesibongo lesifanako kabatekani. Loku kubangwa kutsi kukholelwa ekutseni bachamuka kukhokho munye. 7 ESiswatini bantfu babitwa ngetibongo tabo futsi kulapho kubonakala khona inhlonipho kantsi nesivakashi naso sibitwa ngesibongo. Kodvwa nawuhlangana nemuntfu sibongo sakhe longasati kuvamile kutsi kutsiwe nine beluhlanga sanibonani, nobe "Nkhosi" ngobe kususelwa ekutseni sive senkhosi sonkhe. Uma ungena emtini wemuntfu ucala ngaso sibongo kute kubonakale kutsi ute ngesihle. Sibonelo: Mshika uma ungena kaNgomane. Uma nidla nobe senidlile sibongo siyasentjetiswa Ngomane nibonga kudla. Ngisho nendvuna ekugcineni kwenkhulumo yayo igcina ngesibongo. Ngisho nemntfwana uma atalwa kuvamile kutsi abongwe kute Kuvele kutsi wakabani nobe wasiphi sibongo. loko bekuvikela nakaphiwe ngobe umuntfu bekaze akhule nesibongo salomunye umndeni atfole emaciniso esibongo sakhe asakhulile. Sibongo sikhona Kuto tonkhe tive. Tibongo yintfo lecale ngemva kweminyaka yabo 1600. 1.7.2. Tibongo Cope (1968: 17) uphawula ngetiibongo atsi: The praise - poems reflect the background not only of social life but also of the country itself. There are frequente references to rivers (imifula) and mountains (tintsaba) forests gemahlatsi) and ridges (tinkhalo). Simelane naThwala (1991:39) bakhuluma benabe ngetibogo ngekutsi batsi: Tikhombisa impilo yelichawe name yenkhosi lapho beyiphumelela khona nalapho yehlulekee khona. Imbongi ayibuki lukhlangotsi lunye kepha ibuka tinhlangotsi tonkhe. 8 Bahluti labacashuniwe bachaza ngemisebenti yetibongo eemphilweni yesive. Baveta kubaluleka kwetibongo njengemlandvo wenkhosi nekubaluleka kwemvelo kanye netigameko letiigcamisa impumelelo nekungaphumeleli kwelichawe lekuhayywa ngalo. Tibongo imicambo yembongi noma emagabazi esive lecanjelwa inkhosi, tikhulu, tilwane nalokunye. Thwala (2002:12) uchaza tibongo kanje: Tibongo tingumlandvo waloyo lekuhaywa ngaye. Kuhaywa ngebuhle nebubi, bukhulu nebuncane, tentoo letikhutsatakoo naletidzikibalisako ngaye. Tinemlandvo lojulile wemphilo ngobe aekekho lokwati kusho kutsi tocala nini. Kusukela ngesikhatsi saboMatalatala, tibongo betihaywa. Etibongweni kulapho kuvela khona labasondzelene nalona lekuhaywa ngaye, tindzawoo netikhatsi letehlukene. Etibongweni kuvela tigameko letitsintsa imphilo yaloyo lekuhaywa ngaye. I-Afrika yonkhe yatiwa netibongo. Tibongo tisisekelo sempilo yemuntu wase - Afrika ngoba tishiwo kukuhle, kujatjuliwe. Tishiwo kukubi, kugcwele lusizi. Tiishiwo etibhimbini tebuhle letifana nemitsimba, incwala, umcwasho, naletinye. TlShiwo etibhimbini telusizii lapho inkhosi ikhotseme, Iichawe liphangalele noma umnumzane awufalatsele lomhlaba. 1.7.3.5ive Sive ngebantfu besibongo sinye, nome letinyenti labubutselwe ndzawonye ngemasiko nernihambo lefananako futsi lababuswa yinkhosi, sikhulu noma umhloli munye. EMaswati asive ngobe aholwa yingwenyama yinye, kantsi neMazulu nayo asive ngobe aholwa yingwenyama. Kukhona tive letinkhulu naletincane. Nantfu betibongo letinyenti letinjengaleti: D1amini, Dhongwe, Ngomane naletinye bative letincane ngekkwabo. Sibongo libitonchanti lalayo longuyise wesive. Nati tibonelo talowo mabitonchhanti: 9 Shongwe Sibandze Ndlovu Mahlalela Kutsiwa sibongo uma kubukwe bunye, kantsi tibongo uma kukhulunywa ngebunyenti Iigama Ielitsi tibongo Iibuye lisetjentiswe raphe kukhulunywa ngalokuhaywakho. Sibongo yindlela yekwehlukanisa bantfu kulabanye. Sibongo besicanjwa ngetento tebantfu njengaleti letilandzelako: Tfwala sisho kutfwala, Malindzisa sisho kulindzisa, Maahlalela sisho kuhlalela naletinye. Letinye tibongo ticanjive ngemabito etintfo letitsite njengaleti: umhlanga > mhlanga; umtfombotsi > Mtfombotsi, emasango > Masango naletinye. 1.8 UMLANDVO LOMFISHA WEMASWATI Lubisi (2002) utsi sekunyenti kakhulu lokubhaliwe mayelana nemlandvo weMaswati. Lokubuhlungu kutsi dshe lokunyenti lokubhaliwe ngeMaswati kubhalwe ngulabangasiwo eMaswati noma labangahlali lapho kuneMaswati khona. Lapha sibeka ngalamafisha umlandvo weMaswati. Emaswati asive lesiwatisako futsi siphila ngendlela yemasiko. Babantu labakhuluma sintfu kantsi ngekwemasiko nelulwimi babeNguni ikakhulu. Ngekulandzisa kwebakaMaanillan, (1993) bangebekudzabuka eMphumalanga nenkhaba ye-Afrika. Ngenca yekwandza nekukhula kwebeNguni ngaseNingizimu, eMaswati ewela umfula iUmpopo abesehlala eNingizimu neTongaland (Ienamuhla yatiwa ngekutsi yiMocambique) ngasekupheleni kwemnyaka wabo-l400. Lapha kutawulandvwa kakhulu ngemakhosi ngoba ngibo bantfu labahola sive. Inkhosi iyinkhosi ngebantfu ngaklrke uma sikhuluma ngenkhosi leyo sisuke sikhuluma ngesive sonkhana. Umholi wawo eMaswati bekunguDlamini Wesibili. Ngemnyaka wabo-17oo, lebebahamba embili esiveni seMaswati, baholwa yinkhosi Ngwane Wesitsattu bawela umfula iUmpompo baya ngaseNingizimu. Kwatsi ngemnyaka wa-1750 babe sebatinte budze buclvute nendzaweni lekutsiwa kuseHluti. Inkhosi Ngwane Wesitsatfu yaphumulela lapho, 10 wabekwa emgedzeni entsabeni ledvute naJapho. Nalabanye labadvuna basebukhosini bafihlwa kulowo mgedze futsi nanyalo lendzawo isayindzawo lehanjelwa kakhulu ngetikhatsi letitsite. Inkhosi Ngwane Wesitsatfu abengewekutalwa elusentfweni lakaNkhosi Dlamini lapho bukhosi bebushiyelwana ngekutalana. Umlandvo weMaswati usitekela ngemakhosi langu-25 kepha-ke ngulaba bekugdna labangu-a lekunesidniseko ngabo kusukela ngasekupheJeni kwemnyaka yabo-1500. Inkhosi Ngwane Wesitsatfu kanye nalowamlandzeJa, Ndvungunye bacinisa buholi babo ngekuhlanganisa ngekukhulumisana nangekuncoba tivana lebetibudze budvute nabo. Letivana betiteBenguni kanye neBesutfu. Ngesikhatsi eMaswati atakha akhuJa, kukhula nekudlondlobala kwesive seMazulu ngaseningizimu, ikakhulu ngesikhatsi senkhosi Shaka, kwandza ngalesikhulu sivinini kwaya kwayofinyeJeJa lapha sitsi khona namuhla kuseFree State kanye nasetincenyeni teGauteng neMpumalanga, (Lubisi 2000). Inkhosi Sobhuza Wekucala lowalandzeJa Ndvunganye, wabese ngalokukhulu kushesha uya ngasenyakatfo enkhabeni yalapha namuhla sikubita ngekutsi kuyinhlitiyo yeswatini. KaLobamba kuJikhaya lendzabuko leNdlovukati, nalapho kulikomkhulu lesishayamtsetfo sakaNgwane. TlVe teBesutfu lebeseveJe tihlala lapho amange setitame kusimbatseka tifune kulwa na50bhuza Wekucala kwatsi ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi baveJe bakhonta esiveni sakaNkhosi Dlamini, base batiwa ngekutsi ngemakhandzambili. Ngekusho kwaGinindza, (1992) lapha kufakwa tive letingetekuphuma kuBapedi, Besutfu kanye nakubaVenda. Kantsi letinye tifaka ekhatsi letafika tisuka kaTembe nebakaDlamini kepha ngemuva kwekugibela tintsaba teLubombo tase tiyahlukana nebakaDlamini tiyewuhlala ngasemphumalanga endzaweni yakaLomahasha. Leti bekutibongo takaMaziya kanye nalabatalana nabo bakaMahlaleJa. Inkhosi Sobhuza Wekucala, ngekusho kwabakaMacmillan, (1993) abatiwa njengemuntfu Iokwatiko kuhleJa tintfo. Bekangalokotsi atimbandzakanye ekucabaneni labekangenasidniseko sekutsi utawuphumeJeJa. Abeteka ngebuhlakani. INdlunkhulu 11 yakhe Thandile abeyindvodzakati yesitsa sakhe lesinemandla sibili, inkhosi Ndwandwe. Wabuye watfumela emadvodzakati akhe lamabili kutsi ayokwendza enkhosini yaKazulu, Shaka. Inkhosi Sobhuza Wekucala ngembi kwekutsi ikhotsame waba neliphupho lelisipholofido. Kudzimate kube nguleso sikhatsi abengemane ahlangane nalabamhlophe. Kepha kungenteka abeke weva ngabo ngandlela tsite. Ephusheni lakhe watjelwa ngekufika kwebantfu labanesikhumba lesitsi asibemtfubi banetinwele letinjengelishoba lenkhomo. Wayalwa kutsi angacali achitse ingati yalabantfu ngobe loko kungaba kubulala sive seMaswati. Lokubanga kutsi leliphupho Iibaluleke emlandvweni weMaswati kungenca yebukhosi beMaswati. Inkhosi ngiyo lephetse sive, imphilo yayo kanye nekutfola kwayo bantfwana kuhlobene ncamashi nekudlondlobala kwesive kanye nekunotsa kwemhlaba. Inkhosi iniketwe emandla langetulu kwekwenta lesingatsatsa ngekutsi asabuNkulunkulwane. Lakukhulumako kubaluleke ngalokuphindzaphindziwe. Emavi enkhosi Sobhuza Wesibili asite kwenta umgomo lomuhle nasekuhlanganwa nalabamhlophe. Emaswati amange ahlulwe ngulabamhlophe ngobe abamange sebalwe . nabo. Inkhosi Sobhuza Wesibili yakhotsama ngemnyaka wa-1836 emLNa kancane nje kweliphupho lakhe, wase ushiya umsa wakhe, Mswati Wesibili lotalwa iNdlovukati Thandile asale abanguye inkhosi. TIVe betandza eNingizimu n~Afrika, umhlaba lomnyenti bewutsatfwa belumbi. Lesimo senta kutsi bantfu balwa bodvwa kantsi nalesinye sikhatsi balwe nebelumbi. Inkhosi Mswati Wesibili waba nguye inkhosi leyalwa kakhulu emlandvweni wemakhosi aKaNgwane. Emabutfo akhe abewahlelisa fana nalawa aKazulu ngekuwahlomisa ngetikhali letimfisha kanye netikhali letijikijelwako. Emabutfo akhe agasela adzimate efika nasenyakatfo yendzawo lesiyibita namuhla ngeZimbabwe. Inkhosi Mswati Wesibili wachubeka nemgomo wekutsi akhontise tive latehlulile uma nje tatisa futsi tihlonipha bukhosi bakhe. Sive seMaswati sakhula njalo ngekwengetwa nguletinye tive tebeNguni kanye nensayeyana yeBesutfu. live letinye betimatisa Mswati Wesibili futsi tita kuye 12 titewukhosela ngaphansi kwelikhwapha lakhe nangabe tiva tingakaphephi latikhona nobe natihlaselwa ngulabanye. Inkhosi Mswati Wesibili (1840-1865) yatsatsa bukhosi ineminyaka lelishumi nesitfupha ngemnyaka wa-l840. Emva kweminyaka lemine watfumela titfunywa kwekutsi tiyewubuka emamishinari kutsi ete eveni lakhe. Nako loku bekungenca yeliphupho lenkhosi Sobhuza Wekucala. Kuleliphupho belumbi bebatawuta baphetse emabhuku nemali. Inkhosi yayalwa kuleliphupha kutsi iwamukele lamabhuku ngako-ke vase icela bantfu baya kutsi bakwamukele kufundzisa kweUbhayibheli. Kulandzela loko uMfundisi Robert A1lison nebavangeli lababili beLusutfu beta e5watini batfunywe baphatsi babe beWesleyan Mission lebeyikanise eGrahamstown. Cha kuvakala kutsi labekunene bemukelwa ngetandla letimhlophe futsi bebalalelwa sibili. Kwakhiwa sikolo lesincane eMahamba kulandzela kwekutsi sekwakhiwe indzawo yekusontsela endzaweni yaseDlownga. Umsebenti wekuphendwla nekufundzisa eMaswati wacala lapho. UMfundisi A1lison kwaba nguye lowaba wekucala kusebentisa siSwati njengelulwimi lolubhalwako. Kunyenti lokwenteka ngaleso sikhatsi ngobe belumbi besebeta ngebunyenti e5watini lebesekufaka emaNgisi kanye nalabangebekudzabuka eDutch. laka kwaletsa kudideka eMaswatini ngobe labelumbi bebeta ngetinhloso letehlukene. Emva kwembuso wenkhosi Mswati Wesibili besekaphumelele kuhlanganisa sive seMaswati lebesitive letehlukene kutsi sibe sive sinye lesinemandla futsi lesihlonishwako. Ugama lelitsi eMaswati vele litsatfwa egameni laya lenkhosi lekuchaza kutsi bantfu baMswati. Inkhosi yakhotsamela ekhaya esigodlweni kaHhoho ngemnyaka wa-l868 enyangeni yaKholwane. Wafihlwa emalibeni asebukhosini kanye lapha kwabekwa uyise nenina khona, eMbilaneni. Kukhotsama kwenkhosi kwasho kuphela kwekuncoba nekukhula kwembuso weMaswati. Inkhosi Mswati Wesibili beyinemadvodzana lamanyenti lebekabuke kutsi ngiwa latawulandzela uyise ebukhosini kepha ekugdneni kwabekwa Mbandzeni lebekatiwa ngekutsi nguDlamini Wesine. Inkhosi I?lamini Wesine yabusa ngesikhatsi emaNgisi 13 nemaBhunu abanga indzaba yebuniyo bemhlaba. Kuyakhumbuleka kutsi eMaswati indzaba yebuniyo bemhlaba bekangayati. Marwick, (1955) lebekanguKhomishani eSwatini ngemavi akhe uyibeka atsi lendzaba: The private ownership of land was unknown amongst them (the SWazis), and indeed throughout the Bantu world before the advent of the white man. The dominion in the land was vested in the whole nation and belonged also to the generations to follow; only the control of the use of it was in the hands of their ruler. SUch use might be given to anybody so long as the land was not needed by members of the tribe, and it was in the power of the ruler to vary his grants of land and even to cancel them for good cause arising from the behaviour of the grantees and from the needs of his people. (Marwick 1955:11). Lenkhulumo ifakazela kona kutsi bantfu live bati kutsi lenkhosi lekungiyo leniketa bantfu kutsi bahlale babuye balime kulo. Matsebula, (1993) uyakufakazela loku kutsi kwatsi ngekufika kwebelumbi kwantjintja konkhe loku bati bebati kona. Lokungaphawulwa ngekubusa kwenkhosi Dlamini Wesine (1875-1889) ngekulandzisa kwaMatsebula, (1993), kutsi kwaba netinkinga ebukhosini ngenca yaloku lebesekubaliwe kwekUtsi abemaningi emehlo lebekadze abuke lesikhundla. EMaswati alekelela emaNgisi nalwa nemaPedi, kwaba nesivulwano sePitoli lebesatiwa ngekutsi yiPretoria Convention kantsi futsi inkhosi yatfumela litsimba enkhosini yaKazulu, Cetjwayo. Inkhosi kubika Matsebula, (1993) acaphuna iNatal Witness kutsiwa nakancane amange iwme kutsatfwa sitfombe emphilweni yayo. Kutsiwa nayitjelwa kutsi emakhosi lafana naCetjwayo kanye na5ekhukhuni bavuma kutsi batsatfwe imifodo beyiphendvula itsi 'Yebo, kepha baphi nyalo?'. Inkhosi yakhotsama tingu-7 enyangeni yeMphala nga 1889 ineminyaka lengu-34 budzala. Lowalandzela inkhosi Dlamini Wesine kwabayindvodzana yakhe, Bhunu lobekaneminyaka Ielishumi nane budzala ngesikhatsi kukhotsama uyise. Inkhosi Bhunu beyatiwa futsi ngemagama aye languMahlokohla naHhili. Kepha waniketwa ligama 14 Ielisemtsetfweni lelitsi nguNgwane Wesihlanu. Lokuphawulekako ngekubusa kwalenkhosi ngekuJandzisa kwaMatsebula (1993) ngunaku lokulandzelako: ? Sivumelwano Sekucala seSwatini sanga-1890. Lesivumelwano besisekhatsi kwembuso wemaNgisi kanye nemaBhunu mayelana nekuhleshulwa kwelive le5watini Ielingale kweLuphongolo liniketwe emaBhunu kute bakwati kwakha umgwaco loya eKosi Bay. EmaBhunu wona bekumele awme kusuka endzaweni lebeyatiwa kutsi yiRhodesia kepha nyalo lesekuyiZimbabwe. ? Emva kwekusayinwa kwaleSivumelwano 5ekucala seSwatini, kwabese kubakhona hulumende lobambisene e5watini. Lohulumende bewumelwe ngemaNgisi nemaBhunu watiwa ngekutsi yi Triumvirate Govemement Lohulumende watsenga lihhotela i-A1bert Bremer balenta emahhovisi ekuphatsa ekucala e5watini. Bremer labatsenga kuye Ielihhotela watse lidolobha Ielitawakhiwa kulendzawo kutawumele libitwe ngaye, kutsiwe yiBremersdorp. Nangempela, lidolobha lalapho belatiwa ngalelo gama kwadzimate kwaba ngu-1963 lapho eMaswati alilahla leli lesiBhunu ligama asebentisa leli leselidvume kakhulu lekuyiManzini. ? Kubakhona kwelikhotho Ielibukela tonkhe tiwmelwano letikhona. Njengobe vele kulindzelekile, lelikhotho beliphetfwe futsi liIawulwa ngulabamhlophe. ? Letinkinga letabangela kusungulwe lelikhotho tagcina setiholela e5iwmelwaneni Sesibili seSwatini sanga-1893. Lesiwmelwano besiwmela kutsi ernaBhunu abe nemandla ekuphatsa, avikeleke futsi ashaye umtsetfo e5watini ngaphandle kwekutsi iSwatini ifakwe eNtilasifali. ? Lesivumelwano arnange samukeleke eMaswatini. Amangala nje eMaswati kutsi kungani iNdlowkati yemaNgisi seyifuna kutsi baphatfwe be5ikhwahlande. Kwabese kutfunyeiwa titfunywa teMaswati eNgilandi kutsi tiyovisisa lendzaba. Basuka tingu 10 ngeMphala 1894 bafika tingu-7 kuLweti 1894. Lokubalulekile ngulo lebekubhalwe kulesikhalonyandzaleyo sabo lengekusho kwaMatsebula, (1993:157) besifundzeka incenye yaso kanje: 15 We have been afraid of the Beers. We have lived beside them ever since they came into Transvaal. The country they OCaJpy ... was once ours, but all our people have been driven from the land by reason of unjust laws and cruel acts of their masters ... We see how happy the people are whom your Majesty has conquered in Natal, ZUluland, Basotholand, Pondoland... They live peaceably with the English. Their property is seaJred to them. They are paid for their services. The Courts protect them against injustice. None of these are enjoyed by the natives in the Transvaal. We therefore pray and implore Your Majesty to save us from destruction, which handing of us over the Boers will certainly mean. }> Kusayinwa kwe5ivumelwano Sesitsatfu seSwatini. Lesivumelwano besesiniketa inkhosi kutsi ichubeke kulawula ngendlela yesintfu kepha emaBhunu besolomane anawo emandla kepha lokunye kumele avunyelwe ngemaNgisi nafunwa kukwenta njengekwakha loliwe. }> EmaBhunu angena e5watini ngemnyaka wa-1895. EMaswati amange alwe nakungena emaBhunu akhumbula emavi a50mhlolo ekutsi bangachitsi ingati yaletifikanamtfwalo. }> Kucaciseleka kwendzawo yabakaNyawo, Mngomezulu naMatsenjwa. EmaKhornishini ekujuba iminyele anga-1866 na-l880 ayekela indzawo lapho bekuhlala khona letibongo letingenhla ingakatsintfwa. Lendzawo isemkhatsini kwemifula Luphongolo neNgwavuma. Emakhosi angaleso sikhatsi lebekahola letibongo bekunguMbikiza ahola bakaMngomezulu; bakaNyawo bona baholwa ngu5ambana kantsi bakaMatsenjwa bebaholwa nguMtjekelwane. }> Kuvakasha kwenkhosi Ngwane Wesihlanu ePitoIi ngaMabasa wa-l899 ibitwe nguMengameli Paul Kruger. Kruger abebite inkhosi kuteyicebisa ngekuphatsa nekulawula IeSwatini. Bekumele kwakhiwe emahhovisi ekuphatsa kepha ngembi kwekutsi kwenteke loko kwasuka imphi lebeyatiwa ngekutsi yemaBhunu nemaNgisi (AngkHJoer War) kepha nyalo lesekuvelile kutsi hhayi bo, lena bekuyimphi yase5ikhwahlande kungako seyatiwa nje ngekutsi yiMphi yaseNingizimu Afrika. Lamahhovisi bekumele akhiwe kaManzini endzaweni lapho kwakhiwe khona Iihhotela iGeorge khona. 16 Indlunkhulu Lomawa yabeleka indvodzana tingu-22 kuKholwane nga-1899. Uyise inkhosi Ngwane Wesihlanu wametsa Iigama lelitsi nguNkhotfotjeni kantsi g090 wakhe Labotsibeni wametsa Ielitsi nguMona. Lamagama anetinchazelo letitsite. Lelitsi Nkhotfotjeni Iisho umgololo ingani phela inkhosi beyisolomane ihlala etintsabeni teMdzimba lapho kugcwele khona tinkhotfotjeni. Kantsi lelitsi Mona lisho umona lebewukhona emkhatsini webelumbi babodvwa, belumbi neMaswati kanye nasekhatsi kweMaswati awodvwa. Inkhosi Ngwane Wesihlanu yakhotsama tingu-10 enyangeni yeNgongoni nga-l899 emcimbini wencwala. Besekutinyanga letimbili vo icalile imphi yemaBhunu nemaNgisi ngesikhatsi inkhosi ikhotsama. Inkhosi yakhotsama Nkhotfotjeni aseluswane ngako-ke wabanjelwa ngug090 wakhe Labotsibeni. Indlovukati Labotsibeni yabusa wadzimate Nkhotfotjeni wahlanganisa iminyaka lengu-22 lapho atsatsa khona bukhosi tingu-22 enyangeni yeNgongoni nga-1921. Nkhotfotjeni wabese wetsiwa ligama lekutsi ngUSobhuza Wesibili. Kunengi lekwenteka eSwatini ngembi kwekutsi inkhosi Sobhuza Wesibili atsatse bukhosi ngekusho kwaMatsebula, (1993), lokufaka ekhatsi kutsi kuphatfwa kwetemaposi kulawulwe eNtilasifali; leSwatini liphatfwe yiNtilasifali lekuMlayeto lewakhishwa ngulemaNgisi tingu-25 ngeNhlaba ngemnyaka wa-1903. Lokwashwacisa lugogo kwehlukaniswa kwemhlaba nga-l909 kanje: Umhlaba webelumbi Umhlaba wesive Umhlaba wenkhosi :56% :39.8% :3.7% Kantsi netitfunywa tesibili taphindzela eNgilandi kuyokhala ngendzaba yemhlaba lebeIumbi besebatentele matsandza. Ngesikhatsi kubusa Ingwenyama Sobhuza Wesibili kwenteka tingucuko letinyenti esiveni seMaswati lesingabala lokunye kwakhona lokufaka naku lokulandzelako: 17 ~ Imfundvo e5watini. Ngembi kwekufika kwemfundvo yeNshonalanga, eMaswati bekanendJela yawo yekufundzisa bantfwana lebeyinetigaba letehlukene. Bantfwana bebafundziswa ngako konkhe lokutabenta babe bantfu labakwatiko kumelana nemphilo kanye netinkinga eveni. Bevele seyicalile imfundvo yeNshonalanga nakutalwa inkhosi Sobhuza Wesibili. Empeleni bekucala kufaka imfundvo yeNshonalanga kwaba ngemaWeseli kwase kulandzela beSheshi kanye nemaLuthera. Imbube amange ingene esikolweni semamishinari kepha yakhelwa sikolo lesaba sekucala kwakhiwa ngeMaswati alekelelwa nguhulumende. L.esikolo kwaba yiZombodze. Bekute sikolo sesekhondari e5watini ngesikhatsi imbube icedza kaZombodze. Kwadzingeka kutsi iphume iyewufunelwa sikolwa ngaphandle kwelive. Loku kwaba netinkinga kepha ekugdneni ngenca yekuphikelela kwagogo wayo, labotsibeni yayiswa eLovedale, eKoloni ineminyaka lengu-15 budzala. Kantsi ne5watini tikolwa tase tiyandza ngesikhatsi sayo inkhosi. ~ Kukhotsama kwalabotsibeni nga-1925, lowaba nesandla lesikhulu ekwakheni sive seMaswati ngesikhatsi asabambele Ingwenyama. ~ Kukhotsama kweNdlovukati Lomawa nga-1938 lokwashiya sive simangele ngoba kwakhetfwa dzadzewakhe Nukwase kutsi atsatse sikhundla sakhe. ~ Kutfutfukiswa kwetemphilo. Bodokotela bebayindlala kakhulu kantsi netemphilo nje betingekho ecophelweni Ielisetulu. Nga-1918 bekunesibhedlela sinye kuphela eMbabane. Kwabhedwka tifo letinyenti e5watini letifaka pokisi, malalaveva, bulephere. Loku kwenta kutsi temphilo titfutfuke ngekufika kwabodokotela Iabavela emaveni lehlukahlukene. ~ EMaswati alekela emaNgisi emphini. Emphini yeKucala yeMhlaba eMaswati akhipha emabutfo langu-67 kanye nemali lengu-?3 000 aniketa emaNgisi. Leyo mali yatsenga tindiza letimbili. Emphini yeSibili yeMhlaba eMaswati atfumela emabutfo langu-3 836 kuyosita emaNgisi. Nga-1947 emva kwemphi Inkhosi George Wesine anemadvodzakati akhe lamabili (Iomunye wabo kwaba yiNdlowkati Elizabeth) wavakashela eMaswati endzaweni leyatiwa ngekutsi 18 yiGoedgegun ketewubonga eMaswati ngelusito Iwawo emphini. Lendzawo yase icanjwa ligama Ie/isha lekutsi yiNhlangano ngoOO phe/a kwahlanganwa khona nenkhosi yemaNgisi. ~ Kutfutfukiswa kwetimboni netekulima. Emva kwemphi yesibili le5watini laOO nenhlanhla kutfola kutfutfukiswa kutetimboni netekulima. ~ Tinhlelo tekubuyise/a umhlaOO. Inkhosi Sobhuza Wesibili yabona kutsi inkinga yekweswe/akala kwemhlaOO iyandza ngako-ke yase ice/a kuGeorge Wesine kutsi umhlaOO loniketwe eMaswati wandziswe. ~ Kubekwa kweNdlovukati yemaNgisi. Inkhosi yaOO nenhlanhla kutsi yetsamele kubekwa kweNdlowkati Elizabeth Wesibili nga-1953. ~ Kutfolakala kweNdiphethe. Ingwenyama Sobhuza Wesibili walwa imphi yekucocisana leyagcina iphumelele ngekutsi le5watini Iiniketwe iNdiphethe tingu 6 ngeNyoni ngemnyaka wa-1968. ~ Kuwsele/wa ketiNkhundla. Imbube ngemva kweMphi ye5ibili yeMhlaOO yawseie/a inchubo lendzala yetinkhundla. ~ Kuwse/eIwa kwemasiko. Akungabateki kutsi Imbube ngiyo leyawsele/a emasiko lebesekatsandza kwenganywa emasiko asenshonalanga. ~ Kukhotsama kweMbube yemhlaba. Ngemnyaka wa-1982 enyangeni yeNgd tingu-22 lifu Ie/imnyama lehle/a eMaswati ngekutsi alahlekelwe yiMbube yemhlaba sikhatsi kungu-l4h30. Njenge/isiko leMaswati INdlowkati Dze/iwe kwaOO ngiyo lebamba bukhosi. Ingwenyama yakhotsama ineminyaka lengu-83 nenyanga yinye. Kutjalwa lokukhulu kwesive kwaba ngemhlaka 3 Imphala nga 1982. Ngalelolanga kwagcotjwa Indlowkati Dzeliwe njenge/ibamOO lebukhosi. Ingwenyama nga-l966 yateka Ntombi Tfwala. Ibutwa kutsi imteke/ani yatsi ilaye/we ngulabaphansi kutsi loyi utewakha indlu yakhe. Nangempe/a nga-l968 tingu-19 enyangeni yeNyoni LaTfwala watala Iijaha lelacanjwa nguLaMatsebula labengumfe/okati weNkhosi Bhunu kutsi nguMakhosetive. Indlowkati Dze/iwe besolomane ibambe tintsambo ngesikhatsi Imbube lencane isafundza eNgilandi. Kepha kwahamOO kwahamOO INdlowkati Dze/iwe yehliswa esihlalweni, kwabekwa unina we5i1o, LaTfwala 19 kwaba nguye lobambela iMbube. Ngemnyaka wa-1984 kwakhiwa umuti webukhosi lomusha bawakhela iMbube lesesikolweni. Unina bekunguye lowenta yonkhe imisimeto esikhundleni sendvodzana yakhe. Lomuti watiwa ngekutsi kuseLudzidzini. Kantsi futsi kulapho iMbube bayiniketa ligama lelisha lekutsi nguMswati Wesitsatfu. Lapha kulesigodlo ngulapho iNgwenyama itawenta yonkhe imidmbi yesive lefaka sibhimbi, simemo, sibhimbi sekutfomba, kukhehla, kubala nje lembalwa. Ernabutfo eNgwenyama Mswati Wesitsatfu atiwa ngekutsi nguUndimpi. Kantsi phela Sobhuza Wekucala bekaneBalondolozi, Mswati wesibili aneNyatsi, Dlamini Wesine aneNdlavela, Ngwane Wesine aneNgulube kutsi Sobhuza Wesibili aneBalondolozi futsi. Lokubalulekile kutsi emabutfo eNgwenyama bekubontsanga yakhe, kungibo labamsingatsako nakunemidmbi yesive. Umntfwana Makhosetive wabekwa ngalokusemtsetfweni ebukhosini tingu-25 kuMabasa nga-1986. Uve le5watini beselike laba netigameko tekungalawuleki ngenca yembango wasebukhosini kanye netembangave lebetibhebhetseka ngendlela lecaka kwenta, kungako mmes of SWaziland yabika kanje: The Coronation of the Crown Prince Makhosetive as King and Ngwenyama cl Swaziland is hoped to end the intennedne wars among members of our revered Royal family and others who get themselves involved in Royal affairs. The entire nation has in fact calmed down from several shockwaves caused by political upheavals after hearing the announcement of the Coronation of Umnttwana Makhosetive. Even those who had cause to dissent are now in doubt as to the worthiness of their intentions. For, Swaziland, 1985 has been a year of trauma and agony. Many political upheavals have been experienced induding the downfall of political veterans., (Times cl Swaziland, 30.12.1985 p1). Inkhosi Mswati wesitsatfu lokubalulekile ngaye kutsi ilandzela etinyaweni teNgwenyama leyakhotsama ngekutsi emasiko iwagdne njengobe anjalo. Lokusandza kuvela nje kuvuselelwa kwelisiko lemcwasho ngasekupheleni kwemnyaka wa-2001. Loku 20 kubaluleke kakhulu ngobe kutawusita ekuncandzeni kubhebhetseka kwesifo sembulalave, i-AIDS. Kantsi futsi Inkhosi seyibeke indvuna lensha eLudzidzini ngasekupheleni kwemnyaka wa-2001, lowo-ke nguBabe Jim Gama lowatiwa ngekutsi nguMbhokane. Ngalamafisha umlandvo weMaswati ubekwa lapha. Kubalulekile neko kugcizelela kutsi sive sisive ngeNkhosi yaso kungako esikhatsini lesinyenti lapha bekulandvwa ngemakhosi ngobe phela ngiwo lasive. Inkhosi iyinkhosi ngebantfu bayo. Nawati umlandvo wenkhosi usuke wati umlandvo wesive. Emasiko eMaswati lahlala e5watini nalawa lahlala e5ikhwahlande afana ndmishi ngaphandle nje kwekutsi lawa lahlala e5ikhwahlande asangenwa ngumbuso manje tindzaba temasiko awasatihambeli etulu. Kepha lekujabulisako kutsi nasewasetinkingeni ayabuyela emasikweni. 1.9 SIPHETfO Bucwaningweni kuyavela kutsi sibongo silibitonchanti lemholi wesive njengaso sakaNgomane. Sibongo yindlela yekwehlukanisa bantfi emmangweni kuze kUchunyanwe nabo ngaphandle kwekudideka. Umuntfu kuba ngumuntfu ngesibongo. $lve kuba sive ngemholi noma inkhosi. Umkhawulo welucwaningo itsintsa bakaNgomane ngako-ke kumele sitfolisiise ngemvelaphi, emasiko nemihambo yesive letawubukwa ichunyaniswe neyaletinye tive kuphawulwe ngalokufananako nalokwehlukene. $lve sakaNgomane sitawubukwa naletinye tive letakhelene naso - tonkhe letingaphasi kwesive lesikhulu sinyeseMaswati. 21 SEHLUK02 2.0. UMLANDVO NGEBUKHOSI BAKANGOMANE 2.1. SlNGENISO Umalndvo weBenguni noma bantfu labamnyama ucishe ufane ngoba badzabuka ndzawonye. Kuncane kakhulu lokubhaliwe ngesive sakaNgomane. Naloko lokukhona kuye akubaveti kahle-hle kutsi bantfu bakaNgomane badzabuka kuphi. Lolucwaningo lutawuveta ngalokuphelele kutsi bakaNgomane basive siphi futsi bachamuka kuphi. Lokungiko lekutawubukwa kakhulu kutawube kucondziswe esiveni sabakaNgomane labatfolakala esifundzeni saseMphumalanga. Kusukela ngeminyaka yabo-1700 ye Afrika. BakaNgomane nanabo bahamba emave nemave kufika lapha batfolakala khona nyalo. Lubisi (2002:2) ubeka kanjena mayelana naloludzaba: Bangekudzabuka emphumalanga nenkhaba ye-Afrika. L..esive sakaNgomane besitfolakala ngebunyenti edvute nemachibikati abo Victoria, Malawi, Mweru, Kariba kanye nalamanye emachibi ladvute nawo. Ngalokuhlala kwaso lesive kulamachibikati kwenta kutsi lesive singalambi ngobe besikwati kutjala tivandze taso ngendlela lesasifuna ngayo. Kudla bekungasweleki ngobe bekulinywa ngebunyenti. Lesive besilima kakhulu kudla kwesintfu lekukwerndzabu. Besiphila kakhulu ngekutingela tinyamatane siphinze sidobe tinhlanti. Inhlanti yatiwa kakhulu kulesive, ngobe sati nekuyipheka ngetindlela letehlukahlukene. Imfuyo lebesiyifuye kakhulu bekutinkhomo, timbuti, timvu, timbongolo kanye netinkhukhu. Kutawuchutjwa kabanti kulesehluko lesilandzelako mayelana nemfuyo. Edvute nalamachibikati lebekutfolakala khona netive tebeNguni lekwavela kuto emaXhosa, eMazulu kanye neMaswati. BakaNgomane ke nabo njengebeNguni 22 bebahlanganyele kanye nabo. Ngalesi sikhatsi lulwimi lebelukhulunywa bel Kwakha tibaya - tibaya betakhiwa ngematje edvutane nemuti. Ukhaya bekuba likhaya ngesibaya. Awukho unuti bewungabi naso sibaya. Nalamuhla loku nawugudla umfula uMhluzi, Lubhalule neMgwenyana usatibona tindzala tetibaya lebetakhiwe ngematje. Lako kikhombisa kutsi lesive besingakhi khashane nemifula ngenca yekufuna emanti lahlantekile nemadlelo laluhlata. );> Kubumba tindzio - bebenelikhono lelingakavami labasikati balesive ekusebentiseni lubumba. Bebabumba tindziwo letinhlobonhlbo naletimibalabala. Akupheleli kulemisebenti lebalwe ngenhla kuphela, minyenti leminye imisebenti lebabephumelela kuyenta ngemphumelelo lefanana nalena lelandzelako: );> kushuka tikhumba, );> kwacha tikhali, );> kwakha tindlu, );> kusika emahawu, );> kulima, naleminye 3.10. SIPHETFO Kulolucwaningo kuvelile kutsi inkholo yesive sakaNgomane inkholo yesintfu phaca. Lesive siyakholelwa kakhulu elisikweni lwaso lebemdzabu. Kubonakele futsi kutsi lesive siyakholwa kuMvelinchanti. Nanobe simati Mvelinchanti akubanga lula kushiya buve base ngobe sati kutsi inkholo yebuKhristu neyemadloti ivela kuye Mvelinchanti. Inkholo yebuKhristu ngiyona nkholo levetile kutsi kute umehluko phakatsi kwayo nemasiko ngobe totimbili letinkholo tinemkhulumeli neMvelinchanti. Inkholo yesintfu isebentisa emadloti kukhuluma naMvelinchanti kantsi inkholo yebuKristu isebentisa Jesu 63 kukhuluma naMvelinchanti. Ngaloko-ke kubonakele kutsi Iisiko lesintfu nenkholo yebuKrestu kuyefana ngobe konkhe kunebakhulumeli. Mvelinchanti usebentisa letinkholo letimbili kutsi umuntfu atikhetsele vena inkholo yakhe lafuna kuyisebentisa. Konkhe kudalwe nguye Mvelinchanti akudalela bantfu lebaphila eveni kutsi babe nendlela lebatawuchumana nave ngayo. Bonkhe labantfu lachumana nabo ngekwemoya, bonkhe bakhe baphila emhlabeni base bayafa. Loko ngiko lokugcwalisa kutsemba kutsi imphilo emva kwekufa ikhona. Lolucwaningo luyavetwa, sive sakaNgomane siyayitsandza inkholo yaso futsi siyatichenya ngayo. Kungako kuba lula kubo kulanclzelela lekudzingwa madloti ngobe bayakwati kantsi nesitukulwane sabo bayasifundzisa ngalenkholo ngobe bafuna kutsi ingamane ishabalale kalula. Kuhle futsi kuyancomeka kutsi umuntfu abulanclzelele buve bakhe. Ematfonga ayajabula uma ahlatjelwe ngobe kuyabonakala kutsi asakhunjulwa. Uma akhunjulwa njalo akavamisanga kutsi aletse kugula ekhaya kodvwa kuba kugula lokuvela kuMvelinchanti ngobe kwabekwa kantsi futsi vena ungetulu kwenta nobe ngabe yini lafuna kuyenta kubantfu bakhe. Kufiwa nje ngobe kUyintsandvo yakhe. Sive sakaNgomane siyakholelwa ekutseni Mvelinchanti akalenti Iiphutsa. 64 SEHLUK04 4.0. LULWIMI NEMASIKO 4.1. S1NGENISO Lulwimi lwesive sakaNgomane luhlangisa tilwimi tetive letinyenti njengobe lesive adzabuka enkhabeni yelive Ie-Afrika. Ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi lesidze etigangeni site satofinyelela eMphumalanga. Lokuhamba sihlangahlangane naletinye tive kwente kutsi ekugdneni lolulwimi Iwabo luhlangahlangane. Ngekwendzabuko sive sakaNgomane sive sebeNguni lesikhuluma tilwimi yoku na nyoku enkhulumeni yaso. Ngekuhamba tive netive letilwimi tagucuka taphindze tanyamalala. watsi ngesikhatsi tihlangana netive temaXhosa, eMazulu, eMaswati kanye nemaTsonga/ Shangane kwabalukhuni kuma kusinye sive lesinelulwimi lunye kwase kuba khona uhlanganisa kwaletilwimi kwesiShangane kanye ne5iswati lesihlangene neSizulu. Lokunye lokuye kwantjintja kakhulu lolulwimi siShangane. Uma kubukwa indlela bakaNgomane bafika ngayo uma batsi baShika etintsabeni uyakhombisa kutsi lulwimi lebebanalo etingcondvweni tabo siShangane. Sive akaNgomane lenhlanganisela yaletilwimi yenta kutsi babe nendlela yabo lebatakhela ngayo lulwimi lwabo. Lesive sakaNgomane siyinhlanganisela yetive letinyentana kube matima kuma e1ulwimini lunye. Imvamisa yabo bakhuluma lulwimi lwesigodzi kodvwa luyachubeka ngobe tinyenti letigojana takaNgomane letikhuluma Iona lulwimi lokufana nato tonkhe letigodzi, Kuye kungavakalisisi kahle ngobe letinye tive tingatsandzi kumukela lulwimi Iwalesinye sive. Kulenhlanganisela yesiShangane ne5iswati bantfu bakaNgomane baye bative bangavisiseki kuJabanye kodvwa bona babe bavana kahle futsi bakutsandza loko lebasuke bakhuluma ngako. Lapha asesibuke sibonelo lesisho kunyula esitjeni intfo 65 letsite. Umuntfu lokhuluma siNgomane utawutsi " ngiyatsabula" uma akhuluma kanje, usuke ahlanganisa Sizulu ne5iswati nesiShangane. lalulwimi lwesiNgomane luyavakala kahle nanobe lungabhalwanga phansi, uma bona bodvwa bakhuluma bayavisisana kahle kakhulu. Uma lomunye sekachaza abona kwangatsi akavakalisisi kahle kuye kuvakale kancono uma asho lamagama latawufaka sona lesiNgomane. Imvamisa lesive uma sikhuluma sivamise kungasishiyi lesibongo lesitsi 'Ngomane' enkhulumeni yabo ikakhulukati kuleyo naleyo nkhulumo. Ngalesinye sikhatsi lesibongo siye sisentjetiswe kugcizelelwa inhlonipho nobe kuphukuta kuya ngekutsi lenkhulumo injani nobe ikhulunywa esimeni lesinjani. Kulesinye sikhatsi uma bakhuluma baye bacalise sicalo Ma- ekucaleni kwesibongo sabo. Loku bakwenta kakhulu uma bagcizelela esiveni sabo uma bakhuluma naso. Uma lokhulumako angaze atsi 'maNgomane' kulomunye umhlangano kubonisa kugcizelela sikhulumi satsi "maNgomane dlanini mampime ngobe inyama incane". laku kubonisa kutsi abadle batincishe ngobe kuncane nobe bashiyelane ngobe inyama incane. Uma sikhuluma sitsi maNgomane kuba naloko kulalela nekulangatelela kuba khona uma kungaze kuvakale 10 "maNgomane". Lokunye lokuyindlela lekukhulunywa ngayo kulesive sakaNgomane kusebentisa "shi" enkhulumeni yaho. la 'shi' usukela kulesinanatelo sabo lesitsi "Mshika" lokusho kwehla. Lesive ngobe sitsi sona sa "shika" kungako 10 "shi" angasali uma bakhuluma. lmvamisa lapho lekumele kutsi kungene "si" enkhulumeni sona lesive sivala nga "shi". Sibonelo: + Esingowe = e5hingowe + Sinyukane = Shinyukane Nanobe 10 'si' agucuke waba ngu 'shi' kodvwa akubi ngato tonkhe tikhatsi, abakhona lamanye emagama langasebentisi 10 'shi'. Lamanye emagama aye acalise 10 'shi' 66 ekucaleni kwanobe nguliphi ligama. Ugama lelitsi intfombatane baye balibite ngalendlela: Intfombatane = shintombazanyane Loku kudalwa kuhlanganisa Sizulu ne5iswati enkhulumeni yabo. Mahlalela nalabanye (1994:1) baphawula ngemasiko nenchubo yeMaswati kanje: Ernasiko nemihambo yeMaswati ayifundziso lenhle lebalulekile futsi. Endvulo bekalandzelwa sibili emasiko lenhlukene. Umuntfu lobekhombisa kungawahloniphi lamasiko bekatsattwa njengemuntfu longaphili kahle, letingaphelelanga kahle kuye. U5wati litsi umaliyakunyatsela eemabaleni akamuntfu likhulekele nchanti. Nawukhulekela utsi, ftE! nine bakaMaziya noma bakaMtfombeni sikhulekile." Uma uphetse tindvuku utibeka phansi noma utitintise lapha ecadzini kwemahlahla esibaya noma uteyamise endlini. Ernuva kwaloko wean-ke kufanele usondzele ngalapho kuchiyeme khona emadvodza, uhamba unyonyoba utincondle. Ufike uhlale phansi bhibibhibi, awulindzeli kutsi batakuletsela sihlansti noma sigid sekuhlala. Kufanele ubindzeli shaca. Ngoba labatakubingelela. Kutakusuka bona batokubingelela ngamunye ngamunye bate bayekuphela. Wena uvuma ngemhlonipho lenkhulu. Emuva kwaloko sewungabalandzisa lote ngako. Kepha nangabe utokotsa Iibandla, uyahlala ubeke indlebe yakho. Nangabe unetindzaba noma umbono nawe uyawacambitela lamanye emadvodza. Emasiko abaluleke kakhulu esiveni seMaswati lesifaka ekhatsi nato lonkhe tive letakhelene nawo. Sive sakaNgomane akusiso sive lesitimele sodwana, kepha singephasi kweseMaswati. Lulwimi-sogodzi lolubhice siTsonga, Siswati, siMbayi neSipedi. Lokugcamako ekugdneni buswati kuneletinye tilwimi nemasiko. 4.2. S1BONGO SAKANGOMANE NELULWIMI Lesive sakaNgomane satsi uma sichamuka sita eMphumalanga, etintsabeni taseLugogota letiyamene nakaSikhukh~ satsi siya "shika" lokuchaza kwehla. Loku 67 ftshika" kululwimi IWe5ITsonga/ Shangane njengobe bachamuka eMiddleburg behlela endzaweni lapho bekuhlala khona emaShangane, bebasho kutsi behla etintsabeni. - Sichazwe njengebantfu labacine kakhulu labangahluleki kalula etintfweni taboo Size sitilinganise nesihlahla semganu lesihluma emini kodvwa ntsambama sihhohloke. Sibuye sitifanise nesihlahla lesidne kakhulu imbondvo. Imbondvo sihlahla lesinenhlitiyo lednile futsi sivutsa sikhatsi lesidze sinemalamahle laphutako nekucima futsi manyenti kakhulu. Ngalendlela sidne ngayo akusilula nekusigawula kute wente tinkhuni. Naso lesive besitsandza kutikhukhumeta kakhulu ngobe batsi bona ngibo labatala emakhosi, kwangatsi letinye tive tona atiwatali emakhosi. Lesibongo sakaNgomane sifaka kakhulu siShangane enkhulumeni yasa kungako nesinanatelo sabo sinesiShangane lesinyenti ngaphakatsi. Kulesinanatelo sabo ababashiyi labakhulu ngalesikhatsi basuka lena enkhabeni ye-Afrika. 4.2.1. TInanatelo Sibongo sakaNgomane sinanatelwa ngetindlela letimbili: KunebakaNgomane Sidlamatiko KunebakaNgomane Mganu NGOMANE MGANU Ngomane! Mshika! Sidlamatiko! Sidlemu! Mganu lomkhulu lowahluma emini kaMandlakazi Watsi ntsambama waphindze wahhohloka. XlWUndla xa mondzo IexihlulakiJ Vapandzeri Mshika! Ngomane! 68 Lena ncenye yekucala yesisinanatelo njengobe totimbili tibonisa ngalokusobala kuloku lokuchaziwe kutsi ngekuhamba lesive besihlangane naletinye tive lobekwenta kutsi lulwimi lobelukhulunywa lugcine lunamatsele kuleto nobe kuleso sive lebahlangabetene naso. Uma sibuka lomugca lotsi "xiwundla xa mondzo lexihlulaka vapandzeri". XlWUndla- sihlahla Xa mondzo - imbondvo Lexihlulaka - lesihlula Vapandzeri- bagawuli Lesinalencenye lefaka siShangane ngobe batsi mabehlela eLugogota bawatfola emaShangane neMambayi. Ngito letive lebetenta kutsi lulwimi Iwabo lugdne selufaka tonkhe letilwimi lebebahlangabetana nato. NebakaSambo njengobe kuvelile emlandvweni bona bebavela eMozambiki, bona bebakhuluma siShangane. Balekelela bakaNgomane emphini kwatsi ebafati babo bendza kaNgomane. Nalapho kwenta kutsi lulwimi uhlangahlangane. Magogo Ngomane vena utsi bekati kutsi siShangane lulwimi Iwebafati ngobe ngibo labafati bakaSambo lebebasikhuluma kakhulu. NGOMANE SIDLAMAlIKO Ngomane! Mshika! Mshika wemoya, Sidlamatiko! Mdumezulu Mampuku, Sibumbu lesikhulu lesitala emakhosi Mshika! Ngomane! Singeke sabaphika nobe sakubalekela kutsi sive sakaNgomane sive lesikhulu. ulencenye yesibili yesinanatelo kuvela "Sidlamatiko" lokusho kutsi lapho bebahamba khona uhlukana kwabo naNgomane Mdletshe aye kwaZUlu-Natal. 69 Ngomane I vena wahamba wate wafika eMiddleburg. Lokutsi 'Sidlamatiko' kusho kutsi sidla imibuso, yingako bakaSambo nobe babalekelela emphini masebaphumelele umbuso waba ngewabo ngibo lebatfola luclvumo lolukhulu kutsi bancobile. Kulisiko Iwanobe ngusiphi sive kutikhukhumeta, nebakaNgomane nabo batibona bancono shengatsi ngibo kuphela lebangatala emakhosi. Loku sikutfola lapho batsi:" Sibumbu lesikhulu lesitala emakhosi" Kubhica Siswati nesiShangane etinanatelweni takaNgomane akusho kutsi Siswati sibili asatiwa. Uma bakhuluma bakaNgomane uye uve emagama e5iswati lajulile nalakhombisa inhlonipho lafana nalawa: emasi > emavutja indlela > ingcitfo khuluma > tsakuta emashica > imbakuza ematolo > umbetse tindlubu > umdvunacolo indle > umnngowe inkhukhu > siphanddzamataJa umkhuhlane > umdzingane sitsebe > umgayelo Iibovu > lidvumane Iicansi > lwaluko tibungu > tibonkho imbuti > inkhuleko umoya > umheleto inyoni > imphapha Iihhashi > incwabala sihlahla > inyambi imbuti > inkhuleko ematinyo > emahlafuno emanti > emavoti inkhomo > injilane Emagama enhlonipho eSiswati andzile e1ulwimini Iwesive sakaNgomane aye acapheleke kakhulu ngulabo labalandzela kufundziswa nekukhuJunywa kwetilwimi. Lokuye kwehluke kubo indlela lebaphimisa ngayo emagama kanye s\nesigd lesivelako ekucaleni, ekhatsi nasekugdnenei kweligama. 70 Loku kukhombisa kutichenya ngebafati babo kutsi kwangatsi ngibo bodvwa lebebaphiwe kakhulu kutsi kufanele bona kutala emakhosi. 4.3 IMPHILO YESIVE SAKANGOMANE NEMNOTFO WASO 4.3.1. llnktMJnno Kusukela mandvulo tinkhomo betingumgogodla wemphilo wesive sebantfu labamphisholo. Tinkhomo betibaluleke kakhulu. Umuntfu lebekangenayo inkhomo bekabukeka njengemuntfu lophuyile kakhulu, bekangabonakali ngisho nebumnuzane bakhe ngobe angenato tinkhomo. Tinkhomo betibaluleke kakhulu kulesive ngobe ekulimeni bekusentjetiswa tona kulinywe emasimini lamakhulu kuhlanyelwe emabele nalokunyenti kudla kwasemasimini nanobe sekuvuniwe ngito lebetitfwala lokudla tikuyise ekhaya. Uma umuntfu atfuke walala nemfati walenye indvoclza abehlawuliswa tona tinkhomo leti, atikhohlwe esibayeni kulesinye sikhatsi bekugalelwa sibaya sonkhe adliwe lonelicala. Imali yayingekho, uma utotsatsa umfati bekukhokhwa tona tinkhomo njengemalobolo. BakaNgomane nabo bekusive lesifuyile futsi setsembele kuto tinkhomo njengelifa Ielikhulu. Tinkhomo bebatisebentisa ngisho nasemisebentini lemikhulu lapho kUjatjuliwe kahlatjwe kudliwe. Kulesinye sikhatsi bekuyiwa nato emkhosini uma kwentekile kutsi ticeliwe tinkhomo umuti ngemuti. Ngisho vena umfati lotawutalela sive inkhosi leto tinkhomo lekulotjolwa ngate lomfati betikhishwa ngiso sive. Ngalesikhatsi Soshangane ahlasele lesive sakaNgomane watsatsa tonkhe tinkhomo lowatitfola wahamba nate kwelaseMozambiki. Lake kwenta kutsi lomnotfo wehle kakhulu lokwenta nekutsi baphuye kakhulu ngobe vele tinkhomo betingumgogodla welifa nemphilo yabo. Lubisi belingukudla lebekutfolakala etinkhomeni, nebantfwana 71 bebasengelwa lubisi bawbe amasi baphile njengobe bekukudla kwabo lebebaphila ngako. Ngenkhomo iyodvwa kunengi lobekutfolakala kuyo futsi kwenta lesive siphile. 4.3.2. Timbuti Emlandvweni wetive letikhona lapha eNingizimu ye-Afrika imbuti ibaluleke kakhulu nave ngulenye lebeyatiswa kakhulu emlandvweni. Kwekucala nalokubalulekile kutsi imbuti bebayisebentisa kakhulu uma benta umsebenti walabaphansi. Imbuti kutsi bekusilwane lesihambisana nemadloti. Wonkhe umsebenti lebebawenta bawentele labaphansi bekudzingeka imbuti. Ngako-ke imbuti beyibaluleke kakhulu njengemfuyo emlandvweni walesive. Lena bekusifuyo lapho umnumzane avakashelwe bekungiyo inkhukhu yakhe lebekakwati kutsi abahlabise yona. Ngisho nobe kulotjolwa imbuti beyisentjetiswa kUjubela tinkhomo temalobolo, lobekuyindlela yekubonakalisa kutsi tinkhomo letiletsiwe tiyemukeleka. Ingati yembuti beyibaluleke kakhulu uma kutfwaswa emadloti uma umuntfu atfwasiswa emadloti atowuba sangoma bekumele ayimunye yonkhe lengati yaleyo mbuti. Loku bekuluphawu Iwekutsi lamadloti ayaphila uma nje utawuphumelela nekugwinya lawo macatsa naleyo ngati uphindze futsi awahlante uma sekudzingekile. 4.3.3. Tinkhukhu Tinkhukhu nguletinye setifuyo lebebatifuyile. Nato betinemsebenti lobaluleke kakhulu. Kubomake emakhaya ngito tinkhukhu lebebatisebentisa kute kutsi bakwati kwenta umshibo bentele bantfwana. Kantsi kulesinye sikhatsi tinkhukhu tiyasentjetiswa uma kulashwa utfole kutsi ingati yenkhukhu ihlanganiswa nemutsi lotsite kute kulashwe umuntfu lotsite.Uma kUphahlwa kulesinye sikhatsi inkhukhu lemnyama beyisentjetiswa nobe lemhlophe. Lesive 72 besiyihlonipha kakhulu inkhukhu ngobe beyilusito lolukhulu emphilweni yesive sakaNgomane. 4.3.4. TIngulube Tingulube nato betifuyiwe. Tona betifuyelwa kutsi konkhe lokudla lokusele lapha ekhaya tikulondvolote ngekutsi tikudle kantsi nemafutsa ato asentjetiswa kakhulu. lkakhulukati lena letifele ingumutsi. Lokunye betifuyelwa inyama kulabo lebatidlako. 4.4. LOKUTFOl..AKALA EMASIMINI 4.4.1.TIndlubu Tindlubu tikudla lokubaluleke kakhulu kulesive ngobe emlandvweni kuyavakala kutsi kwatsi ngalelinye lilanga ihlasele, ihlaselwa bakaNgomane, kwatfolakala bomake emasimini bagubha tindlubu batsi mababuta kutsi ngabe ngibo yini bakaNgomane labo bantfu baphika balala ngesiphundvu paphika kutsi bakaNgomane batsi bona bakaKubhayi. Yingako lamuhla bakaKubhayi sebafuna kubuyela emuva batsatse sibongo sabo sakaNgomane. Kuvela konkhe loku ngitama kubonisa kutsi tindlubu bekungukudla nemnotfo wesive sakaNgomane. Kanyenti tindlubu betiphekwa kwentiwe tinkhobe, tatidliwa timanti, kulesinye sikhatsi betidliwa tomile kwentiwe tinkhobe. Kulesinye sikhatsi betentiwa umshibo tifakwe emantongomane tishitjwe neliphalishi. 4.4.2. Emabele Emabele abelinywa kakhulu yingako ngesikhatsi sawo bewungatfoli make nobe umntfwana emasimini ngobe bekufuneka kutsi kulindvwe tinyoni emasimini. Emabele 73 ngekwehlukana kwawo abelinywa onkhe, bekukhona ingombela, umgcobane nelidvoye. Manengi emabele abelinywa futsi siyati kutsi namuhla emabele abita timali letishisiwe. 4.4.3. Ummbila Ummbila ngulokunye kudla kwasemasimini lobekulinywa ngiso lesive sakaNgomane. Kudla loku lobekulinywa nguwo wonkhe umndeni. Uma kuwniwe kufakwe eticolobaneni kugdnwe kahle kute kudliwe ngesikhatsi sasebusika sonkhe kutsi nakufika lelinye lihlobo kulinywe futsi lomunye ummbila. 4.4.4. Emalltongomane Emantongomane nawo abelinywa ehlobo, kungulokunye kudla lebekudliwa ngulesive futsi lebekungumnotfo wabo. Kulesinye sikhatsi abetsengiswa uma amanyengi kakhulu. Kulapho bekubakhona kutsengiselana ngalokutsite kute utfole loko longenako. 4.4.5. ~ Umoba bewungekho bekudliwa imfe njengesitjalo sasemasimini lebesihlanyelwa nemmbila nemabele kuhlangene. Imfe lena iyanongotela icishe ifane nemoba. Iluhlanga loludze loludla ngekutsi ucate emacembe bese udla lolu lokungekhatsi. 4.5. Tembangave Tinyengi tigigaba lebahlangabetane nato ngenca yentfutfuko nobe ngenca yekufika kwebadzeshi. Kwaba khona tingucuko letinyenti tabangela kutsi emakhosi ayiswe ekudzingisweni kwemakhosi ngobe angafuni kulalela. lapha ngitawenta nobe nginikete tehlakalo letimbalwa. 4.5.1 Inkhosi Sidlemu Ngomane ~khosiMswati 74 Uma sifundza lomlandvo sitfola kutsi inkhosi Dlemu ngenca yekutsi yehlulwa. emphini yabese ibekwa kutsi ibuke lendzawo lebeyikuyo kwakudzingeke kutsi njalo ngemnyaka itsele enkhosini yeMaswati. Yachubeka ikwenta loka ngekutsi i1etse inshi nobe tinsiba tenshi enkhosini yeMaswati. Kwatsi lapho kutfunyelwa ligama kuNtiyi wase usola Dlemu Ngomane kutsi kungani aphule sivumelwano lebasenta wasivuma, wachubeka Dlemu watsela ngobe vele bebavumelene ekuhlulweni kwakhe. 4.5.2 Inkhosi Mphoti Ngomane (Kalugedlane) Inkhosi Mphoti Ngomane webukhosi bakaLugedlane, njengobe bukhosi lobukhulu bakaNgomane kwatsi lapho basuswa eKruger National Park kutsiwa ababuye batowakha eMangweni. Kwabamatima kakhulu sive sala kusuka kuto tonkhe letindzawo lapho besihlala khona leso sive sakaNgomane. Inkhosi Mphoti Ngomane yayingafuni kusuka endzaweni yayo kanye nebantfu bayo kodvwa kwatsi lapho emabhunu abonile kutsi uma bangatfungatsa lenkhosi bayitfumbe lesive sakaNgomane singasuswa kalula kulendzawo lenamuhla yatiwa ngekutsi iKruger National Park. Watsatfwa njalo Mphoti Ngomane ebokhosini bakaLugedlane wayiswa ekudzingisweni kulase Cape Town nabo Bloemfontein lapho wafike wagdnwa khona sikhatsi lesidze wate wabuyiswa ekudzingisweni nga- 1958. Watsi nakabuyiswa watfola sive sakhe sesiseMangweni nobe eNhlangiyavuka lapho watfola kutsi sebajutjelwe siceshana selive. Kulapho wefikela khona wahlala lapho kabuhlungu wate wakhotsama. Lendzawo ayikate yamtfokotisa ngobe bekati kutsi ushiye indzawo Ielifa lalishiyelwa bobabe mkhulu wakhe. Ngisho nernadliza abo bobabe mkhulu wawashiya khona lena bekasuka khona eKruger National Park. 75 Loku kungumlandvo lobonisako kutsi lesive sakaNgomane bel