UCWANINGO LWAMAGALELO KA-M.M. MASON00 EKUBHALWENI KWENOVELI YOPHENYO ESIZULWINI NGU- SIBUSISO LOUIS NTULI LWETHULELWE UKUFEZA KONKE OKUDlNGEKA EKUPHOTHULENI IZIQU ZE-MASTER OF ARTS EMNYANGWENI WESIZULU NAMAGUGU ENYUNIVESrTHI YAKWAZULU KWADLANGEZWA UMELULEKI USOLWAZI L.F. MATHENJWA USUKU UZlBANDLELA 2006 IT ISIFUNGO Mina SmUSISO LOUIS NTULI, ngifunga ngiyagomela ukuthi lolu cwaningo luwumsebenzi wami ongencike ndawo nakumuntu. Ngizibophezela nasekumeleni ngayo yonke indlela konke engikulobe kulo msebenzi, ngoba kuwumqondo wami ozimele. Imithombo engiyisebenzisile kanye naleyo engicaphune kuyo ngiyiveze yonke njengoba injalo. Ntuli S.L. 0./;..:.-1.2.. _: _.?!_~l?__b Usuku III ISETHULO Lo msebenzi ngifisa ukuwethula enmdenini wami, kuNkosikazi uKaMagagula-uThuli kanye nabantwana uNomvelo, uPhangela kanye nomshana uSinothile. Ngibonga kubo ukungipha isisekelo sekhaya esifudumele, obekuthi noma sengizizwa ngivithizwe ubunzima bokuqongobezela nokugqolozela 10 msebenzi, bangisingathe njalo. Besitshweka, sichwaze maqede kuthobeke izidubulo zengqondo. Kuvuseleleke nethenjana ebelihamba Iihambe lifiphale ngenxa yemiqansa obekunqwanyanwa nayo. Yilo lelo thenjana engethula ngalo 10 msebenzi. Ithemba lokuthi 10 msebenzi uyozala neminye engcono ngomuso eyobe isivela nakubo maqede sitshweke, sichwaze futhi. Ngifisa nokuthi kuthi noma abantabami sebelandela eminye imikhakha yolwazi neyokuziphilisa, 10 msebenzi ubakhumbuze ukuthi nakhu okwakuthandwa nguyise ekuncele koyisemkhulu. IV AMAZWI OKUBONGA Ngifisa ukwedIuIisa ukubonga okukhulu kuSolwazi 1. F. Mathenjwa ngokungicathuIisa size siyiphethe le mbenge. Vme njalo MgabadeIi! Ngibonga onke Amabhele akwethu KwaBhekinhlabla yas'Osizini. lzingane zakwethu zonke kanye nabazali bami ababambe iqhaza elikhulu ekungikhuthazeni ukuthi ngiwuphothule 10 msebenzi. Bekusuke kungaxoxwanga lutho uma ubaba uMfundisi C.S. Ntuli engabuzanga ukuthi : "uthini uMgabadeli?" Ngibonga ubaba omncane uSolwazi D.BZ. Ntuli olokhu waba yisibani nogqozi kuyo yonke imizamo yaMabhele yokunwampela ulwazi Iwakongqondonkulu. Nornangcwembe! Kurnzala wami ongaconsi phansi uDokotela Nakanjani Sibiya nomndeni wakhe, ngibonga intshisekelo yabo yokungitholela imiqingo ngerniqingo yamabhuku angisiza kakhulu ekusukumiseni 10 msebenzi. Sotobe! Kuthish'omkhulu uMntungwa nakubafowethu nodadewethu baseMbuyiselo High School, ngibonga ngiyanconcoza. Inkuthalo yabo bewa bevuka belwa nezifundo zabo, yenze ukuthi nami ngivuke ngizithintithe. Nime njalo! Ngibonga kubo bonke abantu abafake isandla ngandlela thize ekuphumeleliseni 10 rnsebenzi. v IQOQA LALOLU CWANINGO Lolu cwaningo lucubungula amagalelo ka M.M. Masondo ekubhaIweni kwenoveJi yophenyo eSiZulwini. Lolu ewaningo lubanzi, kodwa phakathi kokunye luthinta izinsizakuhlaziya (theories) zenoveli, imigomo yenoveli yophenyo kanye neqhaza labaiingiswa ophenyweni. Kukhethwe le mibhalo ka M.M. Masondo ngoba kubonakala kunguye osebhale amanoveli ophenyo amaningi lapha olimini IweSiZulu. Lo msebenzi wehIukaniswe waba yizahluko ezinhlanu, kanje: ISAHLUKO SOKUQALA Lesi sahluko sethula lokho okuzoeutshungulwa kulolu ewaningo, ubumqoka kanye nemiklamo yalo. Kugxilwe kabanzi nasemlandweni ngempilo ka M.M. Masondo. Kugxilwe ekuvezeni umehluko phakathi kwenoveli ejwayelakile kanye nenoveli yophenyo. Kuthintwe nezineazelo zamagama abukeka esemqoka kulolu ewaningo. ISAHLUKO SESmILI Kulesi sahluko kugxilwe kabanzi ekueubunguleni izinsizakuhlaziya zenoveli. Kunokondiswe lezo okubonakale ukuthi zizoyikhanyisa kangeono inoveli yophenyo. Lezo zinsizakuhlaziya kube isenzekongqo (realism) kanye nenjulalisu (stylisties). Kugxilwe nasekueubunguleni ezinye izinhlobo zamanoveli ophenyo. Lokhu kuveze ukuthi kukhona uhlobo oIungathathwa ngokuthi luyinoveli yophenyo yakudala, kube khona nohlobo oIuyinoveli yophenyo engaphelele kanye nenoveli yophenyo yesimanje. Yilolu hlobo lokugema-ke okungena kulo amanoveli kaMasondo. VI ISAHLUKO SESITHATHU Lesi sahluko sona sivula ngokwethula iqoqa lamanoveli kaMasondo okugxIlwe kuwo kulolu cwaningo. Iqoqa lenzelwe ukukhanyisela labo abayofunda Iolu cwaningo bengakaze baIithole ithuba lokuwafunda onke la manoveli kaMasondo okugxilwe k\lwo kulo msebenzi. Kubuye kwagxilwa nasemigonyeni yenoveli yophenyo. Kugxilwe kule migomo elandelayo: I. kala lobugengu elibukeka IisobaIa 2. Umsolwa onukeka ebe engenacala. 3. Ukunhlanhlatha kwamaphoyisa. 4. UkukhaIipha nokuqaphela komphenyi. 5. lbohlololo elethusayo. ISAHLUKO SESINE Lesi sahluko sona sigxile eqhazeni elibanjwe abalingiswa ophenyweni Iwamanoveli ka Masondo. Kucutshungulwa labo balingiswa abasemqoka kubhekwe ukukholeka nokungakholeki kwabo, nanomthelela lokhu okungase kube nawo emanovelini ngokwehlukana kwawo. Kucutshungulwe nokhondolo oluqaphelekayo emanovelini ka Masondo, Iapho okuvela ukuphindaphindwa kwamagama abaIingiswa athile emanovelini ahlukene. kucutshungulwe noukuthi lokhu kunamthelela muni kule misebenzi ka Masondo. ISAHLUKO SESIHLANU Le ngxenye ig.xile ekusongeni ucwaningo. Kubuye kwethulwa neziphakarniso zalolu cwaningo. Kule ngxenye kuphinde kuvezwe nokuthi uMasondo useyibekile induku ebandla mayelana nokubhalwa kwenoveli yophenyo esiZulwinL kangangokuthi imisebenzi yakhe isiyohlala iyisilinganiso salolu hlobo lwemibhalo. VII UHLA LOKUQUKETHWE ISAHLUKO SOKUQALA IKHASI 1.0 ISETHULO SOCWANINGO I.l ISINGENISO I 1.2 a~oSOZOCWANINGO 3 1.3 UMLANDO NGEMPILO K.A M.M. MASONDO 5 1.4 INGQINAMBA YOCWANINGO II 1.5 INTSHISEKELO YOCWANINGO 12 1.6 UKUCHAZWA KWAMAGAMA 13 1.6.1 INOVELI I3 1.6.2 INOVELI YOPHENYO 16 1.6.3 ISU 19 1.6.4 UKUPHENYA 21 1.6.5 UMPHENYI 21 1.7 aINDLELA ZOKUQHUBA UCWANINGO 22 1.8 UMKLAMO WOCWANINGO 22 1.9 ISIPHETHO 24 ISAHLUKO SESmILI 2.0 IZINSIZAKUHLAZIYA NAMA.NYE Al\fA..l'\i'OVELI OPHENYO 2.1 ISINGENISO 25 2.2. IZINSIZAKUHLAZIYA (THEORIES) ZENOVELI 25 2.2.1 ISENZEKONGQO (REALISM) 26 2.2.2 INJULASU (STYLlSTICS) 28 2.3 AMANYE AMANOVELI OPHENYO ESIZULWINI 38 VIII IKHASI 2.3.1 !NOVELI YOPHENYO YAKUDALA 38 2.32 !NOVELI YOPHENYO ENGAPHELELE 41 2.3.3 !NOVELI YOPHENYO YESlMANJE 43 2.3.3.1 ICALA LOBUGEBENGU ELIBUKEKA LISOBALA 43 2.3.3.2 UMSOLWA ONUKEKA EBE ENGANACALA 43 2.3.3.3 UKUNHLANHLATHA KWAMAPHOYISA 44 2.3.3.4 UKUKHALIPHA NOKUQAPHELA OKUTHE XAXA KOMPHENYI 45 2.3.3.5 IBOHLOLOLO ELETHUSAYO 45 2.4 ISIPHETHO 46 ISAHLUKO SESITHATHU 3.0 ?IMIGOMO YENOVEU YOPHENYO 3.1 ISINGENISO 49 3.2. IQOQA LAMANOVELI OPHENYO KAMASONDO 49 3.2.1 IPHISI NEZINYOKA 49 3.2.2 ISIGCAWU SENKANTOLO 51 3.2.3 NGAZE NGAZENZA 52 3.2.4 INGALO YOlvfTHETHO 54 3.2.5 KAl'l77 NAWE? 57 3.3 IMIGOMO YENOVELI YOPHENYO 59 3.3.1 ICALA LOBUGEBENGU ELIBUKEKA LISOBALA 60 3.3.2 UMSOLWA ONtJKEKA EBE ENGENACALA 65 3.3.3 UKUNHLANHLATHA KWAMAPHOY1SA 76 3.3.4 UKUKHALIPHA NOKUQAPHELA KOMPHENYI 81 3.3.5 IBOHLOLOLO ELETHUSAYO 102 3.4 ISIPHETHO 110 ISAHLUKO SESINE 4.0 ABALINGISWA EMA.1\lOVELINI KAMASONDO 4.1 ISINGEN1SO 115 IX IKHASI 4.2 IQHAZA LABALINGISWA 1I8 4.2.1 IPHISINEZINYOKA 118 4.2.2 ISIGCAWUSENKANTOLO 126 4.2.3 NGAZE NGAZENZA 132 4.2.4 KANTINAWE? 138 4.2.5 INGALO YOMTHETHO 141 4.3 UKUPHINDWA KWABALINGISWA 143 4.3.1 UMAGWEGWE BUTHELEZI 143 4.3.2 UTHEMBA 144 4.3.3 UMAMBA 145 4.3.4 UMHLOBO 145 4.3.5 USFISO 146 4.3.6 UPOPI 146 4.3.7 UZETHU 147 4.3.8 UBUSISlWE 147 4.3.9 UBONGANINOBONGANE 147 4.3.10 UTHOKO NOTHOKOZILE 148 4.4 UKUPHETHWA KWA.\1ANYE AMANOVELI KAMASONDO 148 4.5 ISIPHETHO 150 ISAHLUKO SESIHLANU 5.0 ISIPHETHO KANYE NEZIPHA.K..~1WSOZOCWANINGO 5.1 ISINGENISO 5.2 ISIPHETHO 5.3 IZIPHAKA.MISO ZOCWANINGO 6.0 IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI 153 153 159 161 1 ISAHLUKO SOKUQALA 1.0 ISETHULO SOCWANlNGO 1.1 ISINGENlSO Umuntu angasho kugcwaIe umlomo ukuthi inoveli iwumbhalo odla ubhedu esiZulwini. Elrudabukeni kwemibhalo yesiZulu, inoveli ibukeka lruyiyo eyaba intandokazi, ngolrubhalwa nangolrufundwa. Ukuthi inoveli yesiZulu idla ubhedu, lrufakazelwa nayizingqalabutho ezifunde zagogoda olimini IwesiZulu ezingo- Ntuli no Makhambeni (1998:167) ezibeka kanje ngenoveli: Kumanje!ye asemaningi impela amanoveli asebhalwe ngesiZulu. Yiwona mkhakha wolrubhaliwe ophambili impela Ngeke-ke sakwazi ulruwathinta onke. Njengoba besho lapha ngenhla oNtuli noMakhambeni, kwakungenhloso yabo ukuwathinta onke amanoveli asebhaliwe kuleli bhulru labo elithi: Izimpande (1998). Kuyaqapheleka nokho ulruthi naphezu kwalokho, bathinte izihloko zamanoveli ezingama- 90 lruleli bhulru nje Iilodwa, kusukela emnyakeni we 1930 kuya kowe-I993. Asemaningi amanoveli aseshiciIelwe emva kowe-I993. Belruwukusika elijikayo nJe lapha, asiqonde khona ulrugeqa amagula ngamanoveli aseshiciIelwe esiZulwini. Sethemba ulruthi nokho lokhu osekubekeke ngenhla, lruyakufakazela ukugqama kwenoveli phakathi kweminye imibhalo yesiZulu. Inoveli ngolrujwayelekile iwumbhalo wobuciko bephrozi ovulekile, onika umbhaii ithuba lokwendlala kahle lowo mqondo asuke ehlose ulruwethula Ubude nokwendlaleka kwayo kwenza ulruthi umbhali athole ithuba elanele Iokuhuha imiqondo yabafundi bazizwe sebethathekile sebeyingxenye yalokho okwenzeka endabeni. Njengolruthi, umfundi wenoveli eyethusayo ebhaleke kahle, irnethusa ngangolruthi akhale ngisho ukukhala izinyembezi imbala Kuthi uma efunda 2 ehlekisayo umthole ehIeka km.~1a elomhlathi, Imcace ukuthi igcagcele esokeni. Akhona nawothando, afundwa maqede kube khona ukulangazelela ukuthanda kanye nokuthandwa ngothando oludiliza izintaba olufuze olwabalingiswa abathiIe abasuke besendabeni. Kuyezwakala nokuthi kukhona abafundi abagcina sebephila ngokulingisa impilo yabalingiswa abasuke befunde ngabo emanovelini. Laba bafundi inoveli ibahuha ngangokuthi abanye basho ukulahla abanakho ngabangenakho ngoba sebefisa ukuphila impilo esaphupho abanqwamane nayo enovelini. Yebo, kaningi sidinga ukuzincweba siziqwebule sizame ukuzikhumbuza ukuthi lokhu okusuke sekusithathile kuyindaba yokuziqambela nje, futhi kuwumhungulo wokusaphupho lwempilo yenoveli. Igadla kube njalo-ke inoveli. AyedIulela amagalelo enoveli yophenyo kumfundi wayo. Ukulandela isehlo sobugebengu esehlela umlingiswa, imvamisa okusuke kungokhonziwe, sihlambulukisa inanzi. Ayisaphathwa-ke uma sekulandelwa uchungechunge lophenyo. Umfundi uthatheka, ame ngamanzonzo unomphela Uzithola ewa evuka nomphenyi wecala, emelekelela ngeso lengqondo ekulandeleni izici zomkhondo ezisuke zihamba zivela endabeni. Lokhu kuthathwa uphenyo Iwecala kwenyuka njalo, kwenze kubenzima nokuyibeka phansi incwadi. Kuhamba kuye kuyofika lapho okusombululeka khona icala, ngokuboshwa ikakhulu nangokugwetshwa kwesigebengu noma kwezigebengu. Kuvama ukuba nesisombululo sokudaIulwa kwezigilamkhuba Esikhundleni sobubi kuqhakambe ubuhIe, ubunmyama bugudluzwe ukukhanya kuthi ubugebengu bunqotshwe ukwethembeka. Ivama ukuma kanjalo-ke inoveli yophenyo. Ekucwaningeni ngenoveli, ikakhulu ngokufundwa kwayo, kutholakala ukuthi abafundi benoveli yesiZulu, bayifundela ukuthola indaba ethile kuyona Ngokwejwayelekile abafundi benoveli bangehlukaniswa imikhakha emibili. Umkhakha wokuqala yilowo osuke ufundela ubumnandi nje, unganakile kangako ukuthola isifundo esitheni. Lo mkhakha weneliswa ubumnandi bezigameko ezethulwa endabeni nje kwaphela. Umkhakha wesibili yilowo ofunda ngokuphokophelela ukuthola isifundo esithile enovelini. Lo mkhakha yilo 3 okbolelwa elmthen! inoveli !suke ibbaletwe ukwedtulisa umlayezo othile. Lolu hlobo luzizwa lugubekI1e uma inoveli ingaluphanga lutho olungumIayezo owumphako wendlela yempilo. Lukholelwa ekutholeni intshumayelo lapha enovelini. Kuthi noma inoveli inamancoko kanye namanye amawongowongo empI1o, kodwa lufune ubekhona umhlomulo wesifundo esithile. Inoveli yophenyo ngicabanga ukuthi ingena ngaphansi kwalo mkhakha-ke. Inhloso ngqangi yenoveIi yophenyo ukuxoxa ngobugebengu. Igxila ekwenzekeni kobugebengu kanye nokuphenywa kwamacala obugebengu. Ibonakala ngokuba nomphenyi ozimeIe nokunguyena ovama ukuba ngumlingiswa omkhulu kule ndaba. Lo mphenyi ozimele uvama ukuba nokukhalipha okungaphezulu kokwamaphoy!sa. Kuba umphenyi oIandela umkhondo wezigebengu ngobuchwepheshe obukhulu okwenza ukuthi agcine aphumelele ekuzibambeni, ngisho noma amaphoyisa esephaphalaze aqeda. Icala uqobo Iwalo Iibekeka kube sengathi lizosombululeka kalula Ngokuqhubeka kwendaba kubuye kuvele ukuthi umlingiswa obekusoleka ukuthi uyena onecala, umsulwa Kuqale phansi olunye ushikishi sekulandeleka kabusha umkhondo, kuqhubeke njalo kuze kuyofika lapho indaba isongwa khona ngokubanjwa koqondene ngqo necala. Indaba nayo isongwa ngezindlela ezablukene. 1.2 IZINHLOSO ZOCWANlNGO Ngalolu cwaningo kuhloswe ukucubungula, amanoveli ophenyo ka M.M. ~1asondo. Lokhu kugxile ekuthini le ngwazi ithushuke ngenkathi kunendlala kamadlantule kulolu hlobo lwenoveli, maqede yagadla yaphindelela. Kunamuhla nje usebalwa kanye nezingqwele ekubhalweni kwenoveli yophenyo, uma engengqwele eziqwaqwada zonke amakhanda. Ukuthi uDingiswayo uyingqwele kuIo mkhakha sikusho ngokuthi esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu, wakhiqiza la rnanoveli ophenyo alandelayo: (a) Jphisi Nezinyo1ra (b) lSigcawu Senlwntolo (c) Ngaze Ngazenza (d) lngalo Yomtp.etho (e) Kanti Nawe (I) lngwe Nengonyama (l990,a) {I99O,b) (I 994,a) (l994,b) (I994,c) (1994) 4 UMasondo wabuye washicilela iqoqo lezindaba ezimfushane zophenyo encwadini esihloko esithi: Kunjalo-lre Emhlabeni (1994). lJbungcosane bamanoveli ophenyo asebhaliwe esiZulwini uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamanoveli bungase kubangwe nawukuthi akukabibikho mgudu osuklanyiwe, olandelekayo ngaloIu hlobo Iwenoveli. Okukhona, kusewukhonjwana nje olubuye lubadukele nalabo abasuke befisa ukuIulandeIa, babhale. Njengokuthi njengoba kwenzeka lolu cwaningo nje, sehlulekile ukuthola incwadi yesiZulu echaza kabanzi ngenoveli yophenyo. Sifisa ukuthi 10 msebenzi ke ube INumnikelo oyisibani esingase sikhanyise le nyathuko eselufiphi, ukuze kuthi eminyakeni ezayo lubonakale ludlondlobala lolu hlobo Iwenoveli. Besesishilo-ke ukuthi uMasondo uqhamuke nala manoveli akhe komisile impela kulo rnkhakha esiZulwini. Komise ngangokuthi kwathi uma kufundiswa incwadi yokuqala lphisi Nezinyolw {I990), kwabanzima ukuyifundisa eningini Iothisha, ngenxa yokuthi phakathi kwezincwadi ezazihlaziya imibhalo, yayingekho eyayichaza ngenoveli yophenyo. Iningi Ialinqwamana okokuqala nalolu hlobo lwenoveli, leswele indleIa yokuyihlaziya Sekuze kwaba ngcuba ngconywana kamuva nje, nokho ayikeneli imibhalo yokwelekeIela ekuhlaziyeni lolu hlobo Iwenoveli. Yingakho kunethemba lokuthi 10 msebenzi uzobamba iqhaza elibhekile nakule ngxenye yokufundiswa kwenoveIi yophenyo ezikoleni. Okunye okusemqoka ngalo msebenzi ka,\fasondo yikho ukuthi ubhala ngobugebengu, lobu bugebengu obuyisihlava eNingizimu Afrika Sibona ukuthi kuwumnikelo onegalelo elibhekile ukucubungula iqhaza elibanjwe yile ngwazi. lapho ikutakutana nale nkiyankiya yenkatha yenkangala Siphelile ISlzwe ubugebengu, kuhle sicwaninge-ke ukuthi uqhamuka naliphi ikhambi okaDingiswayo. 5 Kufiseka nolruthi njengoba 10 msebenzi wenziwa ngolimi IwesiZulu nje ube ulruphonsa itshe esivivaneni emizameni yokudlondlobalisa imisebenzi yocwaningo eyenziwe ngesiZulu. Lokhu sikusho ngoba esikhathini esedIule esingeside kangako bekungacatshangwa ulrufundiswa nokufundwa kwesiZulu ngesiZulu, ingasaphathwa-ke eyokwenza ucwaningo IwaleIi zinga ngaso. 1.3 UMLANDO NGEMPILO KA M.M. MASONDO UMeshack Mfaniseni Masondo wazalelwa eKingsley, ngaseDundee ngomhla ziyi-IO IruNtulikazi kowe-1961. Ungowesithathu emndenini onabantwana abayishumi nanye, kuhlanganisa amaphabla amane. Imfundo yamabanga aphansi wayifunda eKingsley Combined School, waqhubekela Ekucabangeni Secondary School, eNquthu. lmfundo yasesekhondari yona wayenza eZwelethu High School eMIazi lapho aphothula khona umatikuletsheni. Ekuphothuleni kwakhe umatikuletsheni, wafumanisa umfundaze owawumkhomba Emanzimtoti College of Education. UDingiswayo wakhetha ukuya Ongoye, ebuka ukuthi wayezogcina echithe isikhathi eside eManzimtoti, kodwa agcine ehlomule idiploma kuphela. Nebala-ke amabombo wawabhekisa khona Ongoye, kanti uzothi engakabi nakuphi waphazanyiswa yizinxushunxushu ezazandile emanyuvesi kuleya minyaka. Nesimo sasekhaya kwabo sasesiguqukiIe sekushone uyise, kwahlaluka ukuthi sekufanele aphume uphumo loyokuzama ukuzondla yena kanye nezingane zakwabo. Ukusukela lapho wabambabamba ezimbonini, washeshe wathola isikhundla sokuba ishop steward ngenxa yekhono ayenalo. Ukuzama ucezu lwesinkwa oIunohlonze, kwaye kwayomfaka ebuphoyiseni esiteshini saseBooysen eGoli. Uthi-ke emaphoyiseni wasebenza ophikweni Iolruphenywa kwamacaIa Kwaba khona okwamdikibalisa kulo msebenzi. kwabangela ukuba okaDingiswayo ayothungatha amanye amadlelo. Phezu kolruthi engahlalanga kuyaphi emaphoyiseni. kodwa kubukeka sengathi wathi eshiya sasesitshalekile isithombo sothando lophenyo. Leso sithombo sakhula satheia imisebenzi yamanoveli ocwaningo kanye neminye imibhalo eminingi. 6 UNyamhose llganwe nMaZondo onguNtomhi7.ethii Fransisca, babusiswe ngabantwana babafana abane. Buyavela ubuciko bokuqamba nakhona ekuqanjweni kwabantwana. Amazibulo nguMenzi, ngoba kwakubongwa uMenzi wezintozonke ngokubapha indodana ephile saka, abakwaNyambose. UMenzi welanywa uSandile, beqhakambisa ukwanda komndeni ngokufika komfana wesibili. USanele, okuwumfana wesithathu, yena ukuqambeka kwakhe kwakuxoxa ukuthi babezibona sebanele. Nakho-ke sekuqhamuka uXolani kuwo Iowa mnyama. Kwakungathi uthi; "xolani Manyambose ngoba sengifike ningazelele, nithi senanele." Kuphawulekile kuthi kubukeka sengathi uthando lophenyo Iwatshaleka ngenkathi esemaphoyiseni. Uyakufakazela naye lokhu uMasondo. Uthi wayevele enalo uthando lophenyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho wayezikhathaza ngokulalelisisa uma amaphoyisa asemnkantshubomvu exoxa ngezigigaba zomsebenzi wobuphoyisa nowokuphenya. Ulwazi Iwakhe Iwezindaba zophenyo lwadlondlobala, kodwa kwayena kwakungakamcaceli ukuthi Iwalungase Iurnzuziseni. UDingiswayo uthi, ekubhaleni Iapha wangena emva kokuzithela esikhangisini sebhuku uBona, esasihlaba umkhosi kulabo ababefisa ukubhala izindaba kanye neminye imibhalo. Naye wathumela-ke, kungekho nathemba elitheni, kuyikho nje ukuthi hleze ucilo athuke azishaye endukwini. NangempeIa ucilo wazishaya endukwini. UmphumeIa walowo rnzamo kwaba Iphisi Nezinyoka (1990). Kwaba sengathi utheIwe ngezibonkolo emva kwalokho okaDingiswayo. Le noveIi yelanywa yiIa manoveli alandelayo: (a) Isigcawu Senkantolo Cb) Ingalo Yomthetho Cc) Kanti Nawe Cd) Ingwe Nengonyama (e) Ngaze Ngazenza (1990) (1994) (1994) (1994) (1994) 7 Ulibambile futhi iqbaza nasemkhakheni wobuciko bomlomo ngencwadi ethi: Inkunzi Isematholeni (I995). Waphinda wagadIa futhi nasemkhakheni wemidlalo, ngeqoqo lemidlalo elithi: Kungenxa YakJw Mama (1996). Ubhale neqoqo lemidIalo enkundIanye elithi Inkwullanye (I998), leli qoqo Iiqukethe imidlalo emibili yeshashalazi, emibili kamabonwakude kanye nemibili yomsakazo. Uphinde washicilela incwadi yomdlalo ethi Sixole!e (2002). Kunendathane yezinye izincwadi asezibhale ngokuhlanganyela nabanye ababhali okaDingiswayo. Singabala phakathi kwezinye; isiZulu Sanomuhla ]000-]001, samabanga asukela ebangeni lesi-5 kuya kwelesi-9, incwadi yomfundi nekathisha. Waphinda wabhala izincwadi zokufunda (readers) ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi IsiZulu Sanamuhla 2000-2001 ibanga lesi-4 kuya kwelesi-6. Zona lezi zincwadi zabuye zaphendulelwa esiXhoseni, zabizwa ngokuthi: IsiXhosa Sanamuhla. Zaphinda zaguqulelwa esiSwazini, zaziwa ngokuthi: Siswati &mmango. Za:re zayofmyelela esiBhunwini lapho ezabizwa khona ngokuthi i-Afrikaans vir die Afillenium. Uyenzile nemisebenzi yokuhumusha imisebenzi ayisusela kwezinye izilimi eyihumushela esiZulwini. Singabala incwadi ethi: Handa's Surprise yaba: 1simanga sikaHanda (2004). Wayihumusha nethi: One Child One Seed yathi: Munye Umntwana Inye Imbewu (2001). Nazi nezmye izincwadi azihumushile: ? Maths for All, Grade 1 Learner's Book, yaba: lzibalo Zaho Bonke !banga 1 Incwadi Yomfundi. ]002-lJacmillan South Africa Houghton. ? l"faths fOr All Grade ] Learner's Book, yaba: Izibalo Zabo Bonke !bonga ] Incwadi YomjUndi. 200]-Macmillan South Africa Houghton. ? Maths fOr All Grade 3 Learner's Book, yaba: lzibalo Zabo Bonke !banga 3 Incwadi YomjUndi. 200]-Macmillon South Africa Houghton. ? Maths fOr All Grade ! Teacher's Guide. yaba: lzibalo Zabo Bonke !banga ! Incwadi Kathisha. 2002-Macmillan South /ifnca Houghton. ? Maths fOr All Grade 2 Teacher's Guide, yaba: Izibalo Zabo Bonke !banga 2 Incwadi Kathisha. 2002-Macmillan South Africa Houghron. 8 Learner's Book, yaba: Amakhono Empilo Incwadi Yomjimdi. 2002-Mamillan South 3 Learner's Book, yaba: Amakhano Empilo Incwadi Yomfundi. 2002-Macmillan South Grade 1 Teacher's Guide, yaba: Amakhono Empilo Loku I Incwadi Kathisha. 2002-Macmillan South yaba: Amakhono Empilo 2002-Macmillan South yaba: Amakhano Empilo 2002-Macmillan South Grade 2 Teacher's Guide, Lesi 2 lncwadi Kathisha. ? Maths for All Grade 3 Teacher's Guide, yaba: lzibalo Zaho BolLA:e !banga 3 Incwadi Kothisha. 2002-Macmillan South Africa Houghton. ? Maths for All Grade 1 Workbook. yaba: IzibaIo Zabo Bonke Ibanga Loku-l Incwadi Yokusebenzela. 2002-Macmillan South Africa Houghton. ? Maths fOr All Grade 1 Workbook, yaba: lzibalo Zaho Bonke !banga Lesi-2 Incwadi Yokusebenela. 2002-Macmillan South Africa Houghton. ? Maths fOr All Grade 3 Workbook, yaba: Izibalo Zabo Bonke !banga Lesi-3 Incwadi Yokusebenzela. 2002-Macmillan South Africa Houghton. ? Li.fr Skills fOr All Grade I Learner's Book, yaba: Amakhono Empilo Ahohonke !banga Loku 1 Incwadi Yomfimdi. 2002-Macmillan South Africa Houghton. ? . Life Skills for All Grade 2 Abobonke !banga Lesi 2 Africa Houghton. ? Li.fr Skins fOr An Grade Abohonke Ibanga Lesi 3 Africa Houghton. ? Life Skills for All Abobonke !banga Africa Houghton. ? Li.fr Skills fOr All Abobonke !banga Africa Houghton. ? Life Skills for All Grade 3 Teacher's Guide, Abobonke !banga Lesi 3 Incwadi Kathisha. Africa Houghton. ? Li.fr Skills fOr All Grade 1 Workbook, yaba: Amakhono Abobonke !banga Loku 1 Incwadi Yokusebenzela. 2001-Macmillan South Africa Houghton. ? Li.fr Skills for All Grade 2 rVorkbook, yaba: Amakhono Empilo Abobonke !banga Lesi 2 Incwadi Yokusebenzela. 2002-Macmillan South Africa HoughlOn. 9 ? Life Skills for All Grade 3 Workbook, yaba: Amakhkono Empilo Abobonke Ibanga Lesi 3 In~adi Yokusebenzela. 2002-Macmillan South Africa Houghton. ? HIV and AIDS, yaba Isandulelangculazi Nengculazi Uqobo. 2002 Awareness Publishing South Africa Kempton Park. UMasondo usebambe iqhaza elibhekJle nasemkhakheni wemisebenzi yemfundo ephakeme. Sirnthole efunda la maphepha a1andelayo: The Detective Novel. Leli phepha lafundwa emhlanganweni wokucobelelana ngolwazi wenhlangano yoSiba, eVista University eMamelodi ngowe-1997. Waphinda wethula elinye iphepha elithi: Some Aspects of Form in CT Msimang's Detective Novel: Walivuma leala. Lo msebenzi wethulwa emhlanganweni we-lllt>. International Biennial Conference of the African Language Association of Southern Africa, owawubanjelwe ePort Elizabeth ngowe-200 I. OkaDingiswayo usehlabane ngale miklomelo elandelayo: iStudy Trust Merit Award ngowe-1980, okwakuwumfundaze awuthola ngamagalelo akhe ebangeni likamatikuletsheni. Waphinda wak/onyeliswa ngobizwa ngokuthi i-N.N. Ndebele Centuar Drama Award, ngencwadi ethi: Kungenxa Yakho Mama (1997). Wabuye wazuza obizwa ngokuthi iNasionale Boekhandel Award of African Literature awuzuza ngencwadi ethi: Inlcunzi Isematholeni (I998). Waphinda wahlabana ngomIdomelo iMagema Fuze Lectio Folklore Award (1999), ngayo futhi incwadi yakbe ethi: lnlcunzi Isematholeni. UMasondo uyilungu lalezi zinhlangano ezilandelayo: (a) lnhlangano yoSiba, inhlangano yababhali bezincwadi zesiZulu. (b) Usihlalo wegatsha laseGauteng, lenhlangano yoSiba. (c) Inhlangano yabalimi, iKWANALU. (d) IVukani Manvambose Cultural Organisation. (e) I-African Languages Association of Southern Africa. (f) IPioneer Taxi Association (g) Kanye neleKwa-Hlahlindlela Taxi Association. IO UMasondo usezuze lezi ziqll zemfundo ephakeme: (a) Uneziqu ze-B.A. Honours yesiZulu, aziphothula eVista University eSoweto, ngowe-I994. (b) Uneziqu ze-B.A. Honours yesiNgisi. nazo azizuza eVista University eSoweto ngowe-I997. (c) lziqu ze-M.A. (African Languages & Literature) esihlokweni esithi: The Detecm'e Novel in Zulu: Form and Theme in CT. Msimang: Walivuma leala. Azizuza, e-University of Pretoria ngowezi-2001. (d) Uneziqu ze-M.A. ngesihIoko esithi: Statistical Trends. and Initiatives in the Development and Promotion of lsiZulu Literary Publishing During 1930 2000. Zona wazizuza ngowezi-2005, khona e-University of Pretoria. UMasondo wenabe kuhIe okwezintanga, uyatholakala futhi nakwezomculo. Lapha-ke khona unguphrojusa. Nansi imisebenzi aseyikhiqizile: umculo wembube weMzolo Mbube Group, olandelayo : Sheshisa .'''!fana (2004), oshicilelwe kwa-Jikelele Productions, Braarnfontein. Waphinda ngothi : Nank' Amaqhawe, (2005), JikeleIelIris Productions. Uphinde wenabela nasemculweni kamasikandi. Lapha usekhiphe le misebenzi eIandelayo : Ojikelele (2004), oculwa Osenzeni owashicilelwa kwa-Jikelele Productions, Braamfontein. Kukhona nothi : Baholi Bethu, Tshath'ugodo noSavela, (2005), Jikelele/lris Productions, Alberton. Waphinda wakhipha ethi: Uthando eculwa Omalindela, (2005), Jikelele/lris Productions, Alberton. Nethi: Ngeke Balunge!. Abafana Benkululeko, (2006), Jikelele/lris Productions, AIberton. Kukhona nethi: Angilalelanga eculwa Abakwabo, (2006), Jikelele/lris Productions, Alberton. Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zomculo njengaJo olandelayo: Ithekis, Ubuhle Buyeza. (2005), Jikelele/lris Productions, Alberton. Dikgomo tsa ntate ka Tshomo ya Theletsi, (2005), Jikelele/lris AIberton. Beautiful South Africa yeZakithi, (2006), JikeleIe/lris Productions, Alberton. Kuningi asekwenzile nasehlabane ngakho okaMasondo, kuyakhanya futhi nokuthi akamile ndawonye, usaqhubeka. NgemUi yokuthothana kwemisebenzi yakhe, kwenza kufike nomcabango othi kuyothi kuqambe kushicilelwa 10 rnsebenzi kube sekukhona okunye okuhle asekuzuzile. Nokho sethemba ukuthi lokhu okusavezwe ngenhla kuveza isithombe esigqamile ngaleli qhawe eselizakhele igama njengornbhali onohlonze. Kukhanyisa nokuthi kungani kufanelekile ukuthi hvenziwe lolu cwaningo ngemisebenzi ka.Masondo. II 1.4 INGQINAMBA YOCWANlNGO EsiZulwini seyirniningi imisebenzi yocwaningo esiyenziwe ngenoveli. Miningi kangangokuthi usucishe ungashayeki mkhuba umsebenzi wocwanmgo walolu hlobo Iornbhalo, kamuva nje. Kucishe kuthatheke ngokuthi kuzoba yivelakancane kakhulu okusha, okungaba unmikelo obhekile enjulalwazini yolimi lwesiZulu. Kuyiqiniso lokhu. Kodwa kuyiqiniso elingaphelele kahle uma kubhekwa ukuthi kuleyo misebenzi ayikabibikho ebhalwe ngenoveli yophenyo. Akekho okwamanje oseke waqondana ngqo nomsebenzj wocwaningo wohlobo okuhloswe ukuthi Iwenziwe kulo msebenzi. Kunjalo nje futhi isalanduleka imisenzi ebhalwe ngalo uqobo ulimi lwesiZulu. Ukubhala okuthuka kuba khona akukathi ncamashi, kodwa kugcina kuba okuzishaya sazenanelo nje zenoveli yophenyo. Lapha singabala lokhu esikuthola kubhalwe ngu Ntuli no Makhambeni (1998:193), abathi: Indaba enazo tzmlpawu zenoveli yophenyo isichunyiswa nguMeshack Masondo. Incwadi yakhe yokuqala ethi Iphisi Nezi1ryOka(199O) iyindaba yomphandi, uThemba Zondo. Lokhu kukhomba ukuthi imisebenzi yale ngwazi ngeke neze ivalelwe ngaphandle kwesibaya semisebenzi yocwaningo olunzulu. Lapha ngenhla umcwaningi ucaphune uNtuli noMakhambeni beveza ukuthi Iphisi Nezinyoka (1990) laba incwadi yokuqala kaMasondo. Kuyaqapheleka-ke ukuthi uMasondo usegxale ngamawala, le noveli yelanywa ngamanye amanoveli ophenyo amahlanu. Kuqapheleka nanokuthi onke la manoveli ashicilelwe eminyakeni engaphansi kwemihlanu. La magalelo ale ngwazi yakoDingiswayo afanele ukucutshungulwa ngokocwaningo olunzulu. Isizwe siphelile sibhuqabhuqwa ubugebengu obunhlobonhlobo. Imbalwa imindeni engathi ayinalungu lomndeni eselike lathintwa ubugehengu ngandIela thile. Kuyamangalisa nokho ukuthi ubugebengu ndini bungundabuzekwavo nJe, kumbaIwa osekubhalwe ngabo lapha emanovelini - . 12 esiZutu. Uma umfo kaMasondo etubhozomela ngale ndIela lolu daba, umuntu akakwazi ukumela !rude, akhe umkhanya nje. Yrngakho !ruqubuke amadlingozi okwenza 10 msebenzi, owenziwa ulruze !rucwaningeke ukuthi ahambe aze afinyelela !ruphi amagalelo kaDingiswayo. Ngalokho, mhlawumbe kungase !ruphonseke itshe esivivaneni, kutholakale itulo lokulwa nale nkiyankiya yobugebengu ebukeka isaqhubeka no!rubhuqabhuqa isizwe. 1.5 INTSmSEKELO YOCWANlNGO 1.5.1 Ukushisekela ukwenza lolu cwaningo kuqutshulwe ukuthi akukabibikho lucwaningo olujulile oselwenziwe ngolimi IwesiZulu mayelana nemisebenzi ka M.M. Masondo. Sethemba ukuthi ukwenza 10 msebenzi ngolimi IwesiZulu lruzovumbulula amanoni abengeke avumbululeke ukube ubuwenziwa ngolunye ulimi. 1.5.2 UMasondo ubonakala eyingqwele ekubhalweni kwenoveli yophenyo. Uma sithi uyingqwele, sichaza ukuthi akeluse yedwa, ubungqwele lobu ubujulukele. Zikhona nezinye izingqwayingwayi esezike zagalela !rule nkundla. Lo msebenzi sethemba ukuthi uzokhanyisa kuleyo ngxenye yokuthi zikhona ezinye izingwazi eziIibambile iqhaza kulolu hlobo Iwemibhalo. Ezinye zibhale ngophenyo esingalubiza ngokuthi olwakudala, zikhona nezibhale ngesingakubiza ngokuthi kuwuphenyo olungaphelele kanye nezibhale ngalolu esingalubiza ngokuthi olwesimanje. 1.5.3 Umfundi osabone incwadi eyoowa kaMasondo angase enze iphutha lokucabanga ukuthi unqwamane nomsebenzi we,,'Ukana elithile nje, kanti usithwe isithupha OkaDingiswayo useshicilele amanoveli ophenyo ayisithupha, kanye neminye imibhalo. Kuhle-ke ukucwaninga kabanzi ngalo mkhakha wokubhala !rukat'Vfasondo. 13 1.6 UKUCHAZWA KWA.~GAMA Kusemqoka azosebenza angadala ngokugqamile ulruthi kwandulelwe lolu cwaningo ngokuchaza amagama ngokugqama kulo msebenzi. IsiZulu sicebile ngamagama ulrudideka uma engachazwanga kahIe. Nawa azosebenza kulo msebenzi: 1.6.1 INOVELI UMaphumulo (1995: 53) inoveli uyichaza kanje: Inoveli iyindaba ende enohidehide Iwezigameko zangempela, ikakhulukazi ngezigigaha zempilo yemihla ezihlanganiswe ngendlela yokuthi zonke ziphelele esicongweni esisodwa Inoveli ingachazwa ngokuthi iyingxoxo eqanjiweyo esinikeza amaqiniso .ngempilo eyenzeka kubantu okukhulunywa ngabo. Inohude obululiwe obuphathelene nesikhathi kanye nesisusa okuyisona esikhulisa indikimha ethile yendaha. Lokhu lruchazwa kwenoveIi kugqamise ukubakhona kochungechunge Iwezigameko okufanele zithungeke ngandlela thile ukuze ziphethe esicongweni. Nebala kunjalo nalapha emanovelini kaMasondo. Kuke kube khona izigameko ezibukeka zingahlobene nhIobo, kodwa ithi iqambe iphela indaba, kube sekusobala ukuhlobana kwazo. U Ntuli no Makhambeni{I999:168), inoveli hayichaza bathi: Uma siwabhekisisa amanoveli esiZulu sithola ukuthi kukhona indaba ayixoxayo ngempilo yabantu avela kuoo. Yile ndaba esifisa ukunamathela kakhulu kuyo. Le ncazelo yethula umqondo obalulekJle ngenoveli; 'impilo yabantu'. Lokhu kukhomba ukuthi, ukuze sithi inoveli iyindaba, kudingeka ibe nabantu, abenzisa okwabanru. Uma kungenjalo, mhlawumbe igcwele izilwane. sekungaba yinganekwane noma-ke kube olunye nje uhloOO lombhalo. UBragg (1984:17) yena inoveIi uyichaza kanje: 14 A fictitious prose of considerable length, in "''hich characters and actions representative of the real life are potrayed in a plot of more or less complexity. Indaba yokuziqambela enobude obubhekile, lapho abalingiswa kanye nezigameko ezifuze ezangempela, zethulwa ohlakeni lwendaba oluqondile noma olumazombezombe. Le ncazelo ihlaba esikhonkosini, ngivumelana ngokuphelele futhi nayo. Ubunoveli benoveli buncike ebukhoneni kwabalingiswa kanye nezigameko ezithile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inoveli ingaphenduka imfibinga yembudane. Inoveli iyinoveli ngokuba nabalingiswa abangabantu abazokwenza izinto ezifuze ezenziwa abantu esibajwayele. Izwakala kangcono futhi inoveli enabalingiswa abanamagama ajwayelekile abafana noMkhize, noLuthuli, oThulebona, oMaXaba, oMamba kanye noNxumalo, okuyizibongo kanye namagama esiwejwayele. Ingaxaka inoveli enamagama anjengo- Kotov, Nampov kanye noSewnarain. Akuyikho ukuthi ingeze yemukeleka noma ibeyimbi kodwa ingaxakaxaka. Ihlaba urnxhwele futhi inoveli enezigameko ezithi zikholeka ziphinde zihleleke ngokwelamana okulandelekayo. UForster (1928:43), uthi: It is a narrative of events arranged in their time sequence dinner coming after breakfast, Tuesday after Monday, decay after death and so on. Iyingxoxo yezigameko ezihlelwe ngokwesikhathi sokwehla kwazo, idina lelame ibhulak'fesi, uLwesibili emuva koMsombuluko, uk:ubola emuva kokufa njalonjalo. Ukuhleleka kahle yehle esiphundu. bayabuqhakambisa (1991:330), bathi: kwezigameko kungenye yezinto eziyolisa inoveli, Kuyaqapheleka futhi ukuthi iningi labacubunguli ubude benoveli ekucubunguleni kwabo. UZulu kuyenze benoveli nabanye Uma sikhuluma ngenoveli, sicabangela emakhasini kwayi-150. Ezilimini ezithile kukhona amanoveli kakhulu anamakhasi angaphezulu kwenkulungwane. abaIelwa amade 15 Le ncazelo kaZulu nabanye, ikhomba ukuthi isenkulu inselelo ebhekene nokubhalwa kwamanoveli esiZulu ngoba aseyingcosane afinyelela emakhasini angama-3oo, ingasaphathwa-ke eyamakhasi ayi-IOoo. UMadondo (200516), emqulwini wakhe ongashicilelwe wokwelekelela abafundisi besiZulu, uthi: Inoveli iba namakhasi ayi-loo kuya kungaphansi kwalokho iba yinovelana phezulu. Uma Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi abacwaningi benoveli nje, ubude benoveli babuklama ngobuningi bamakhasi. UForster (1928:15), uqhubeka uthi: bezinye izilimi, njengesiNgisi bamagama, hhayi ngobuningi And we may perhaps should not be less than work over 50 000 words these lectures. go so far as to add the extent 50 000 words. Any fictitious prose will be a novel for the purposes of Futhi singahamba size sifinyelele ekuthini ubude bube ngaphansi kwezi - 50000 zamagama Wonke wephrozi wokuziqambela onamagama angaphezulu 000 kuyokuthiwa yinove!i ngokwalezi zifundo. akufanele umsebenzi kwezi - 50 Noma abantu bengayi nganxanye njengamanzi ngokwemibono yabo ngokwenoveli, kodwa kukhona ukuvumelana ngokuthi inoveli iwumbhalo wephrozi omude. Nangokuthi imayelana nokwehla kwezigameko ezithile noma ilandele umlando wempilo womlingiswa othile, konke lokhu kubukwa kwenzeka esikhathini eside, esingaba yiminyaka eminingi. 1.6.2 INOVELI YOPHENYO Okubukeka kusemqoka ngenoveli yophenyo yikho ukuthi kufanele kube khona icala eliphenywayo. Ophenyayo kuvama ukuthi kube umseshi o2imele. Lo mseshi U'i31rul ongahIuIeki, ubuthakathaka bungavezwa obala. Nguye osemqoka. 16 ?lllmvezwa njengomunru ongungqondongqondo bakbe bokwehluIwa umkhondo wesigebengu futhi 10 mphenyi ovame ukuba umlingiswa I-World Book Encyclopaedia (2004:162), inove[i yophenyo iyichaza kanje: A work of fiction about a puzzling crime, a number of clues and a detective who solves the mystery. In most detective stories, the crime is murder and the clues lead to or away from the solution. Iwumsebenzi wokuziqambela omaye[a.fla necala eliyimpambankwici, e1inemikhondo eminingi, kanye nomphenyi ophenya le mfumbe. Ezindabeni ezmmgi zophenyo, icala kuvama ukuthi kube e[okubu[a[a futhi imikhondo Ivama ukuho[e[a ekusombululweni kwecala kwenye inkathi, ikweduse sampe[a ukusonju[ulwa kwecala. Okuqaphelekayo ku[e ncazelo engenhla, ukuthi okuyisici esibonisa umkhondo osuke uvezwe umbha[i, kuyenzeka kusibambise amaqubu entenetsha. Kuyiqiniso elimsulwa lokhu ngoba nasempilweni yethu yemihla ngemihla, maningi amacala agcina engasombululwanga, ngenxa yokweduka komkhondo. I-New Encyclopaedia Britannica (199[:39), yona iyichaza kanjena indaba enophenyo: A type of literature dealing with the step by step investigation and solution of a crime, usually murder. The traditional elements of the detective story are: I. The seemingly perfect crime. 2. The wrongly accused suspect at whom evidence points. 3. The bunglLflg of dim - witted police. 4. The greater powers of observation and mind of the detective. 5. The stanling and unexpected denouement in which the detective reveals how he has ascertained the identity of the culprit. I7 Iwuhlobo lombhalo olumayelana nemininingwane yophenyo Iwecala lobugengu okuvame ukuthi kube elokubulala. lzimpawll ezej'l\-'ll}'elekile zenoveli yocwaningo yiJezi: I. leala lobugebengu elibukeka Iisobala. 2. Umsolwa ongenacala kodwa onukekayo. 3. UkunhlanhIatha kwamaphoyisa angakhaliphile. 4. Ukukhalipha okuthe-xaxa komqondo nokuqaphela komphenyi. 5. ibohlololo elethusayo nelingalindelekile lapho khooa umphenyi eveza ukuthi usibambe kanjani isigebengu. Ocwaningweni olwenziwe kufumaneke ukuthi iningi lamanoveli esiZulu esimanje ayaharnbisana nalezi zimpawu ezingenhla Indaba ithi iqala kubukeke sengathi kuzobalula kakhulu ukubamba isigebengu esisuke sibukeka sisobala, kanti izojika lapho sekuvela ubufakazi obukhomba umlingiswa obekade enganakekile ukuthi uyena isigebengu. Kuningi nokunhlanhlatha kwamaphoyisa, okuze kunqandwe ukukhalipha okuthe xaxa komphenyi. Okunye okuphawulekayo ngokuchazwa kwenoveli yophenyo, ukuthi iningi longoti uma likhuluma ngobugebengu, Iisuke Iikhuluma ngamacala okubulala. Lokhu kungase kukhombe ukuthi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamacala, eligqame kakhulu futhi nelesabeka kakhulu esintwini yilo leli lokubulala kanye nokubulawa Uma kuqashelwa ukuthi kunamacala afana nawobusela, awokuhlambalaza, awokudlwengula kanye namanye a10khu abakhona emlandweni wesinru, kodwa akushiwo lutho ngawo ezincwadini ezizama ukuchaza inoveli yophenyo. Kungenzeka-ke ukuthi iningi labalobi benoveli yophenyo ligxila kakhulu kule ndikimba yokubulala Lokho okwenza ukuthi nongoti abacwaninga le mibhalo, hagcine sebethatha ngokuthi imayelana nokubulala nje. Nasekucubunguleni amanovelli kaMasondo kuyavela lokhu, ngoba ithinteka kaningi indaba yokubulawa kwabalingiswa abathile. Lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi isenkulu inselelo ebhekene nabalobi balolu hlobo lwenoveli yokuthi basabalalele kwezinye izinhlobo zobugebengu. 18 Dlmnye olmpbawulekayo ngenoveli yopbenyo, ukutbi Immele isigebengu esenze icala sifihleke kuze lrube ngaselrugcineni kwendaba. UBeII (l990:Il), le ndaba uyichaza kanje: In the whodunit, for instance, the identity of the guilty party is made difficult to detect, but only so that it may eventually be detected. It is hidden so that it may be found, albeit by a sleuth more adept at that sort of thing than the reader. Dhlotsheni lophenyo, ukwenZll isibonelo, ukuJ'tJonzeka kukamenzi wecala kwenziwa kube nzima, kodwa ulruze kugcine kuhlonzeldle. Kuyathukuswa ukuze kugcine kuphenyekile, nokho kuhlonzwa yiphisi elinekhono kule nto kunomfundi. Ngenxa yokuthi umphenyi usuke elandela ubufakazi obuthile, isigebengu sigcina sibambekile. Esinye isinongo senoveli yophenyo, yikho ukuthi kufanele iqale kuxabene ubendle, kunesimo esimanzonzo sokwenzeka kwecala Yenyuke, ikhuphukele ophenyweni oluzama ukuzinzisa lesi simo. Kuthi uma sekuba sengathi isimo siyasombululeka, siqale phansi sibhidlike, sibondwe siyekwe, sibekwe iphini ngaphezulu. Emva kornzukuzuku slgcma sisombululeka ngokutholakaIa kwesigiIamkhuba noma kwezigiIamkhuba. Lolu daba uBel! (l990:6), Iona ulubeka kanje: Disorder being brought into order, order falling into disorder, irrationality upsetting rationality, rationality restored after irrational upheavals: that is what the ideology of the crime novel is all about. InxlIshU!lxushu ibonakala iqoqeka, it.l]i isaqoqeYJle kuphinde kuqubuke enye inxushunxushu, okunengqondo ephusile kubhidlizwe ngokungenangqondo, okwephusile kugcine kuvuselelwe emva kwembedumehlwaila yokungenangqo!ldo: unjalo-ke !lje umqondo wenoveli yobugebengu. Ubumqoka bokuqala kwenoveli esimeni esidungwe ngukwenzeka kwecaia kufakazelwa nanguGreen (1992:295), Iapho ethi: The crime, or at least the circumnstances behind the crime, exist prior to the beginning of the narrative as such. 19 Icala, noma imininingwane e}'isisusa secaIa, yehIa ngaphambi kokuqaIa kokuIandiswa ngendaba. Konke okuwuphenyo okusuke sekwenzeka endabeni, kusuke sekuwurnzamo wokujeqeza emuva ngenhIoso yokuzama ukuthoIa ukuthi kwenzekani ngosuku Iwecala eIiphenywayo. Kusuke sekuyingqayingqayi phakathi kwabantu ababili; umphenyi wecaIa kanye neseIeIesi. YiIe ngqayingqayi eyakha isasasa kuIoIu .111000 lwenoveIi Iapho abafundi sebemanzonzo belangazelele ukuOOna ukuthi umphenyi uyaphumeIeIa yini ukubamba isigebengu. UmbhaIi onekhono lokwakha isasasa, indaba uyibeka kube sengathi isigebengu sizokwazi ukugcina singathoIakaIanga. EIokusonga-ke, singathi inoveli yophenyo igxiIa ekuphenyweni kwecaIa. kala eIisuke Iethulwe ngendIeIa engekho obala. Ithi isivezela ukuphenyeka kwecala, sibe siIinde ngamehIo abomvu ukubanjwa maqede kujeziseke isigiIamkhuba noma izigilamkhuba. Ishiya uzozo ongapholiyo inoveli ephetheka kungezwakaIanga ukujeziswa kwezigeIekeqe. Ukungajeziswa kwezigelekeqe kungachaza ukuthi kugcina kuphumelela okungenangqondo. 1.6.3 ISU LOKULOBA (STYLE) Ongoti bezemibhalo isu leli basichaza ngezindIela eziningi. UMuIT)', ku Lodge (1984:49), uthi: 'Style, as personal idiosyncracy; Style, as technique of exposition; Style, as the highest achievement of literature. Isu njengendlela yokwethula umbhalo; isu, njengempumelelo ephakeme kakhulu kwezemibhalo. Siyavumelana noMuIT)' uma ebeka ngokuthi isu Iiyilokho okwehlusa umbhalo wombhali kowomunye umbhali. Nanokuthi isu leli liyindlela yokwethula umbhalo ngokucacife. Akacacisi kahfe nokho ukuthi uqondisephi urna esekhuluma ngokuthi isu liyimpumefelo ephakeme kakhulu kwezemibhalo. Kungahlawumbisefwa nje ukuthi kuyobe uqondise ukuthi 20 ngokwakhe isu ulibona Imyilona elidla ubhedo pbakathi l'Ulekayo ngesu lale nkathi ukuxovwa kwezigaba zendaba ezingefani ngomlingiswa osemqoka. Asikho isigameko 35 kwezigaba zendaba ezingefani ngomlingiswa osemqoka. Asikho isigameko esisodwa esilandelwayo sikhule size siyofika ovuthondabeni. Yona le noveIi kaNkosibomvu ibonakala ngezahluko ezixoxa ngezindatshana ezingafani kanje: (a) Ukuvela Kwami ENkosini UShinga. (b) MhIa Ngisindisa INkosi, Bezakuyibulala (c) Ukulwela Kwami Umfazi. (d) MhIa Nginukwa lsangoma, Inkosi Ithi Angibulawe. Zikhona nezinye ezazinendIela engcono lrunalena ezinjengalezi: Insila KaShaka (1931), eyabhalwa uJ.L. Dube, UNoma/anga KoNdengezi (1934), ebhalwe uR.R.R. Dhlomo kanye nethi Noma Nini (1935), eyabhalwa us.W. Vilakazi. Inkathi yemibhalo ephakathi yesiZulu njengoba sesike sasho phambilini, yehlukile ngokwezindikimba ezazidingidwa Sekwande izincwadi ezithuthukile ngokwendikimba nangesifundo esitholakala ezindabeni. Sekunqamukile ukuxoxa komxoxi ongumuntu wokuqala (ngi-). Vlimi seluthuthukile. Sekwandile ukuthi ababhaIi baphumele eshashalazini ngemibono abablose ukuyethula Sibona sekuvela nesakhiwo semisho engemide ngokubabazekayo, eyamukelekayo. Sekunciphile ukuphindaphinda okungenasidingo. Zisekhona kodwa izingeniso ezithemelezayo, njengoba sibona lapha endabeni ethi UZwelonke, ka-J.H. Nxumalo (1950: I), engeniseka kanje: lzinto zonke lapha emhlabeni zinesisusa sazo. Vkuze indaba izwakale kable kufanele sifunisise umnyombo wayo, bese kuthi cosololo, nasenhliziyweni uma siyifunda Kanti konke lokho kwenziwa ngoba iyasikhanga ngoba siyazi isisusa kanye nomphumela wayo. Yikho-ke nje okwenza ukuba izizwe zonke zifune ukuthuthukisa ulwazi Iwazo imihla yonke lena ngokufuna imithombo, neziphethu zolwazi, nemithapho yegolide nesiliva, eliyimicebo yalomhlaba Iningi lemibhalo yamanoveli ale nkathi lingeniswa ngendle!a efuze lena engenhla, okwenza ukuthi kuthatheke ngokuthi yilonasu lale nkathi. Kuthatha isikhathi impela ukuthi kungenwengqo endabeni. Kuyona le ndaba ka J.H. Nxumalo (1949:1), kuthi noma sekuba sengathi kuyangenwa endabeni, kubuye kufakwe imininingwane engayisukumisi ngempela indaba, kanje: 36 Sisazoke sithi qaphuqaphu, ngabakubo kaZwelonke lapho badabuka khona KasizukuyiIanda yonke indaba yokudabuka kwabo, sizozephula amaphiko nje siziyeke, ngoba asiqonde khona ukuIoba izindabazezwe, kodwa ukunixoxela ngalomfo wakwaNdwandwe, obizo lakhe kungUZwelonke. Kuthe ekudabukeni kweziNblanga zonke, zewuka nezwe laseAfrika, laba bakwaNdwandwe bathi ukuba bawele uPhongolo, baflke bakha eMagudu. Balithatha lonke kwewuse uPhongolo kuze kuyofika eMfolozi eMnyama, kubheke eNgorne. Kuzwakala ukuthi badabuka ndawonye namaSwazi, namaKhuze, nabasEmbo, nabasernaBheleni kanye nabasemaHIutshinL Zonke lezizizwe, nezinye engingazibalile lapha zibizwa ngokuthiwa ngabaNguni. Lokhu kuchaza okunje kuhamba ibanga elingaphezulu kwamakhasi amathathu kungakakhulunywa lutho ngoZwelonke, ongurnlingiswa osemqoka Yisu lenkathi-ke lelL Kuyaqapheleka nokho ukuthi ababhali bale nkathi babeqaphelisisa ukuthi ulimi olwalusetshenziswa kube wulirni lwesiZulu esirnsulwa, lungabinamifakela nokunye okungeyiso isiZulu sangempela. Lapha sithola izincwadi ezinjengalezi ezilandelayo: Mntanami! Mntanami! (1950), eyabhalwa ve.L.s. Nyembezi, Inkungu MaZulu (1958), eyabhalwa uM. Ngcobo kanye nethi LajiJ Elihle Kakhulu (1958), eyayihunyushwe Vc.L.S. Nyembezi. Zikhona izincwadi ezazixakaxalole ngendlela okwakusetshenziswa ngayo ulirni nakuso lesi sikhathi. Phakathi kwazo kukhumbuleka kuqala ethi UMamisa Iqhawe LeSwazi (1957), eyabhalwa u-A. Miller. MhIawurnbe ukungaqhakambi kwesu okubhalwe ngalo le ncwadi kungazitshwa ngokuthi iyisihumusho. Inkathi yernibhalo yesimanje yesiZulu iqhakambisa ukuthuthuka kwesu okukhulu. Sekukhona ukusetshenziswa kolimi Iwansukuzonke nolwesimanjemanje, kwaqhelwa kolwasendulo. Sekukhona nokuguqukela kolunye ulimi phakathi nendaba (code switching). Encwadini kaJ.e. Buthelezi ethi Impi Yabomdabu Isethmifini (1996:24), sithola amazwi athi: "Hallow Darling...yes ...ye ...s. Sorry to disturb you ...Nothing important.. just rural mentalities with their complexities ... Please take the children to school. I can't do it today...J'OU are a darling. ., 37 Uyaqhubeka futhi nale ndlela yokuwelela kolunye ulimi uButhelezi (1996:52), athi: "La mantwenguntwengu okwenza babewemboza ngokuthi yi division of needs, interests, goals cmd labour'. UButhelezi uqhubeka enze lokhu kuwelela kolunye uIimi kakhudlwana kwamanye amakhasi. Lokhu kuyisu elivela ohlotsheni IwamanoveIi esimanje. Njengoba kuke kwathinteka isu lokungeniswa kwezindaba emibhaIweni emidala kanye nephakathi yesiZuJu, Jinegebe eJikhuJu uma siqhathanisa naIeJo Jezindaba zesimanje. Kuhlaba urnxhwele ukungeniswa okuhlala amagqozo endabeni, kwendaha ethi Kuxolelwa Abanjani (2002: J), lapho uSibiya eyingenisa kanje: Kwakugobhoza imvula yezinyembezi, ekhanda kuduma izihlonono ezazenza uShumi angabezwa nabantu ababembingelela ngenkathi egxawnzela eya emotweni yakhe. Nakuyona imoto wangena zisaIokhu zigobhoziIe izinyembezi owayengasazihluphi nangokuzesula Kwaba ukungena nje emotweni kumfo kaGumede, wabhaldaza isicabha, YillZitshinga esihlalweni, wagobodisa phezu kwesiteIingi, izandIa wazibethela esiphundu, wakhala, wakhala, wakhaIa Liyancomeka leli su Iesingeniso sesimanje. Ebinzeni lokuqala-ngqa sekwethuleke umlingiswa osemqoka, ogama Iakhe elinguShumi. Kuvela nokuthi ubhekene nenkinga enkulu. Yize ingakadalulwa le nkinga, kusobala ukuthi inkulu uma imkhaIisa eyindoda kanti ngokwesiZulu ezendoda zophela ngaphakathi. Ngokukhulu ukushesha umfundi usehehekela ekuzweni ukuthi yintoni lena edindisa indoda isililo. KuyatholakaIa futhi nokuthi le ndaba iqala lapho okusebenza khona uShumi. Kubonakala sengathi izosebenza kakhulu impela le nsizakuhlaziya kulolu cwaningo, ikakhulu uma sekubhekwa isu uMasondo abhale ngalo mayelana nemlgomo yokubhaIwa kwenoveli yophenyo. 19ama lesu lizosebenza ngokushintshana neJithi indleJa. 38 2.3 AMANYE AMANOVELI OPHENYO ESIZULWINI 2.3.1 INOVELI YOPHENYO YAKUDALA KuphawulekIle phambIlini ukuthi imisebenzi yenoveIi yophenyo kaMasondo iqhamuke komisile ernkhakheni wenoveli yophenyo esiZulwini. Akumangalisi uma kutholakala yena uMasondo (2001:1), uqobo enanela ocwaningweni Iwakhe Iweziqu zeMasters olungashicilelwe kanje: What motivated the researcher to undertake this study is that the detective novel is a new genre in South African indigenous languages as compared to tbe English language. Okligqugquzele umcwaningi ukuthi enze Iesi sifundo, ukuthi inoveIi yophenyo iwuhlobo oJusha ezilimini zomdabu zaseNigizimu Afrika uma ziqhathaniswa nesiNgisi. Kuyiqiniso Iokhu njengoba sekuphawuIekiIe, ikakhulu uma kucutshunguIwa uWobo IwenoveIi yophenyo yesimanje, ebonakala phakathi kokunye ngokuba nomlingiswa osemqoka ongumphenyi wecala ozimele. Lolu hlobo yilolu esingathi olunezirnpawu zenoveli yophenyo yaseYurophu. Lolu hlobo luvama ukuba namacala obugebengu besimanje njengokwebiwa kwezimali emabhange, amakhosikazi atbengeIa abayeni izigebengu, ukudayiswa nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, uphenyo Iwesirnanje Iokufokisa, ukuthethwa kwamacala ezinkantolo zesimanje, nokunye okuyisirnanje. Ayatholakala amanenjana esingawabiza ngokuthi ayinoveIi yophenyo Iwakudala, yona ewuhlobo olungahambelani kahle naloIu esiluchaze ngenhla Lolu hlobo alwenciIole ebukhoneni bornpbenyi ongurnJingiswa ozimeJe. Nesizarhu esiboJela ophenyweni seWukile. Kulolu hIobo kubonakala kuyirnpindiselo eholela ekutheni kuphenywe. Lokhu kuphenya akufani nokornphenyi yena ongungcweti futhi osuke engaqondene ngqo necala kodwa osuke eziqasheIwe nje. Ukuqondana ngqo necaIa kwalolu hJobo 'Iornphenyi' kuyayikhuphula imirnoya endabeni njengoba inhliziyo yakhe isuke igaya izibozi, efisa ukuzibambela mathupha Iowo othinteka ecaleni. Ukungabi wuchwepheshe 'kornphenyi' ophenyweni lwakudala 39 nakho knnomthelela woIruyibelca kwelin}'e izinga indaha Lokhu k-wenza ulruthi indaba ihehe kakIludIwana ngenxa yokuthi kusuke kungaziwa noma 'mphenyi' ndini uyophumelela yini njengoba ufunisela nje. Nanokuthi uthi ephenya abe esonga eqanganisa ngenxa yokuthinteka kwakhe kakIlulu endabeni, kungefani nokomphenyi onguchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe kulo msebenzi. EsiZulwini inoveli engena khaxa kulolu hlobo ebhaIwe uD.BZ. Ntuli, ethi Ngiyoze Ngimthole (1969). Kule noveli kubukeka sengathi uNtuli wayegxile engqikithini yempindiselo kodwa wabuye wagxamalazela ezimpawini zenoveli yophenyo ngendlela eyanelisayo, neyenza ukuthi kuphawuleke ngayo lapha Kule noveli umlingiswa osemqoka uBhakubha Dube, otholakaIa elandela umkhondo kaGwaqaza MaIinga owabulaIa uyise. Uphenyo lukaBhakubha lubonakala lungukuzithathela umthetho ngezandla UBhakubha uzivusela yena umkhondo kaGwaqaza, ngokusizwa umzala wakhe ongumngane wakhe futhi, uSibiya. Amaphoyisa oMkbize noKubheka nawo aphume owawo umkhankaso, ethungatha yena 10 Gwaqaza amsola ngokubulaIa uDube, kuthi kuwo Iowa mnyama azithole sekufanele athungathe noBhakubha futhi. Kunovalo lokuthi kunomonakalo omkhulu oyovela uma uBhakubha betholana nesigebengu esinguGwaqaza bebodwa ehlane. Indawo kanye nenhlaIo kuyahambelana nenkathi yakudala UDube uyise kaBhakubha ubulawelwe endaweni yasemakhaya aseNguga. UGwaqaza ungowakwaDuzula, ubalekela emakhaya aseLusehle aqhubekele nasekhweni lakhe eNsangane emva kokuzwa ukuthi ingaIo yomthetho. iyamfuna Uphenyo lulonke ke nje lugxile endaweni yasemakhaya nasempilweni eyisikhaya. Uma oGwaqaza noBhakubha sebehlwelwe bakhulekela isikhundla sokulaIa emizini esendaweni abahlwathiza kuyo, abangenisi emahhotela. Zimbalwa izimoto, okwenza batholakale behamba amabanga amade ngezinyawo. Nezitolo kule ndawo ziyingcosana UBhakubha umkhondo u\';uhogela ngokwendlela yakudaIa. Uhamba ebuza kubantu ahlangana nabo endleleni ukuthi abakaze bababone yini oGwaqaza nonkosikazi wakhe uMaZungu. Namaphoyisa oMkhize asengqayingqayini yokuthi kube yiwona aiinyelela kuqala koBhakubha noGwaqaza 40 Imnamanye amaphoyisa. Kunenkolelo yolmtbi laiyiwe ezangomeni uma uphenyo Iwehluleka. KuNtuli (1969:124), kuthoIakaIa le ngxoxo: "Uthi Sayitsheni akungcono kesime sifune izangoma sibhuIe?" "Musa ukudlala wena. Yithina izangoma ezipbambili. U:rothini uma siya esangomeni sifIke sithi isangoma sebafa bobabili badIiwa yizingwenya, noma siveIe sithi badIiwa ngamanqe abafica befiJe?" Nokho amaphoyisa agcina engayanga esangomeni. Yize lrunjalo, kubukeka kusemqoka ukukunokondisa ukuthi wake wasikazeka umqondo wokushaya umhIahlo njengenye indlela yokuqhuba uphenyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi uBhakubha uthe angedukelwa umkhondo kaGwaqaza wafIkelwa umcabango wokuqhuba uphenyo ngokuyoshaya umhIablo. BamyaIeIa isangoma esinguNdIangamandla. EsesendleIeni ebheke khona, nango esechezukela esontweni eyocela ukuba umfundisi namakholwa bamphoIofethele ngoGwaqaza. Usaqhuba Iona njaIo uphenyo. Nokho intshebe engumfundisi iyamchitha. Ntuli (1%9:130): klJkuphoIofetha rnntanami yisipho esivela kuNkuIunkulu. KuleIibandla akekho onaso lesosipho." "Nx! Ningamakholwa anjani nina?" esho ngokufutheka. Asheshe azikhuze: "Uxolo. Bengithi nani ninaso Iesisipho. Salani-ke." "Nxa ufuna ukukhulekelwa linda kancane nje, isizongena inkonzo..." "Angisenaso neze isikhathi salokho." "Phela sizoqala ngaso isiguqo sakho bese...." "Hayi, bengingezile esiguqweni baha. Njengoba ningak-wazi nJe ulrungisiza, kulungile, ngizokwedlulela phambilL" Ashingile ahambe. Kukhanye ukuthi wehluleka kanjalo-ke uBhakubha ukuthola usizo esornweni ngophenyo Iwakhe. Usuka lapho arhathele njalo eseqonde emzini wesangoma uNdlangamandla. Ngeshwa, isangoma siyamchitha ngoba abaphansi bayasitshela ukuthi ufuna ukuchitha igazi. KuNtuli (1969:131), isangoma, sithi: 41 "Hawu, haw-u,)w le? Umfula? Hayi, alrusiwona. Yigazi? Yigazil" Seluleke manje sibheke ezintungweni: "Yigazi! Hawu, kanti ngumthakathi! Inhliziyo yakhe igcwele amahlule. Ufuna ukuchitha igazi. Akahambe! Akahambe! Akaphume lapha endlini yami! Akaphume bo!" LishabaIaIa kanjaIo kuBbakubha ithemba lokuthola umkhondo kaGwaqaza ngokusizwa isangoma uNdIangamandla. Okusemqoka nokho ngaiezi zigameko ezintathu ezivele ngenhla; esamaphoyisa sokucabanga ukuya esangomeni, esikaBhakubha sokucela isipholofetho esontweni kanye nesokuya esangomeni uNdlangamandla, kuveza izibonelo ezinhle zezinye izindlela zakudala zokuIandeIa umkhondo wobugebengu. Olmsemqoka nakakhulu ukuthi uma wemukeleka lo mcabango owethulwe mayelana noNgiyoze Ngimthole (1969), kungashiwo kugcwaie umlomo ukuthi inoveli yophenyo yesiZulu iqale ukubonakala ngonyaka we-I%9. 2.3.2 INOVELI YOPHENYO ENGAPHELELE Phakathi kwezimpawu zenoveli yophenyo ezisemqoka kufanele umlingiswa osemqoka kube umphenyi, okuvama ukuthi kube umphenyi ozimele. Okunye, ukuthi indaba kufanele ithwalwe yilo uphenyo kUSllka ekuqaieni kuze kuyofika esiphethweni. Lokhu kuholela ekuthini kube nombuzo othi; angethiwa liphi Igama amanoveli esimanje anophenyo kodwa angenazo lezi zimpawu ozisemqoka na? Lapha sibala amanoveli afuze eka-D.B.K. Mhlongo ethi Itshe Eliyigugu (1991) neka-L.F. Mathenjwa ethi Sekusele lmizuzu... (1997). Okwamanje sibona ukuthi la manoveli angethiwa igama elithi 'inoveli yophenyo engaphelele' ekubeni nezimpawu zenoveli yophenyo. Okwenza kupha\\luleke ukuthi la manovefi awangeni khaxa ekubeni awophenyo, yilokhu okulandelayo: Uma sibhekisisa kuMathenjwa (1997) kuphawuleka ukuthi isahluko sokuqaia asithinti lutho olumayelana nophenyo, kodwa sigxile ekwathuleni uJimmy nebandla lakhe lemigulukudu edla insangu eIingoVika, uMike, uPopo, uSporo kanye noGabade. Leli bandla elizibiza ngeBig Six lenza elidume ngakho kokuthunqisa wona umthunzi wezinkukhu maqede libukeze izigigaba zaIo zobuqola nokuhlabana kwalo ngobugebengu. Lihasha ukudla kwalo kunjeya, 42 lruze lmqhamuke yena uJimmy elexwayisa ngolmthi isikhwama salo sesisele namarandi angamakhulu amabiIi kuphela. Kuvela ulmthi isu lolruIdtuphula isiIdtwama kuzoba ulruthumba indodakazi kaMfundisi uMcebo uSipheni, ukuze bafune irnaIi eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi zokuyidedela lruyise. Isigaba sesibili salesi sahIuko sethula isipholofetho sikaMshurnayeli uChili owayeboniswe uSipheni esolwandle edonswa yisilwane esifana nengwenya. NoIdto uMfundisi uMcebo akernbulekelwa kahle ulmthi sichaza ulmthini lesi sipholofetho, kodwa uthi uzokwenqaba ulruthi uSipheni avakashele olwandle. Sethula noSipheni otholakala ezibhocobalele esikoleni. Kuso sonke isahluko esiyethula ngobukhulu ubuchwepheshe le ndaba, esihIabahlose nangarnancoko aphakarnisa isasasa lokuyifunda, noIdto alrukabibikho lutho oseluthinta uphenyo. Kwacala aIikenzeki, lruseyizigigaba eziholela lrulo nje. IsahIuko sesibili sigxila elrubanjweni IrukaSipheni ngarnaqola kaJirnrny, nokuxhumana kwazo izigehengu zazisana ngolruthi ziphurnelele ekurnbarnbeni urnnta ka Mfundisi. Lesi sahluko siphela lapho izigebengu zishayela uMfundisi uMcebo okolruqala zirnazisa ulruthi urna esafuna ukuthola indodakazi yakhe iphila akaIungise izinkulungwane eziyishurni zamarandi. Akukangenwa namanje ophenyweni. Isahluko sesithathu sigxile esidididini esisuka ernuva kolruba sekungene ucingo lwezigebengu kwaMfundisi uMcebo. Kutholakala uMfundisi eshayeka phansi equleka lruba njeyaya. Indaba isilanyulwa uMshurnayeli uChili oqharnuka nombono wolruthi kubikelwe amaphoyisa ngaloludaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi i1inde ungolinda iBig Six, lutho ulmqhamuka irekisi elilethe imali. Alukaqali narnanje njaIo uphenyo. ArnaIungiselelo ophenyo aqala ngasekupheleni kwesahluko sesine nakhu sizwa amaphoyisa exoxa kanje: L.F. Mathenjwa (1997:69): "Kuvacaca ukuthi akuIdto mnvakazo kumbe-ke amanvathelo . - . esingawathatha manje ebusuku. Masilinde uDeteCTive Sithebe ekuseni." 43 Esahtukweni esilandelayo oIrungesesihlanil almqllllbeki liltho futbi ngopbenyo ngaphandle kokugasela kweBig Six esitolo sakwaNtuli, osekwethula elinye icala, futhi ngaleyo ndlela sekwandisa isidingo solunye uphenyo. Uqobo lophenyo luze luqale esahlukweni sesithupha, iyonke inezahluko eziyisishagalolunye. Nebala uphenyo olungelude oluharnbisana nomgoga ocushwe yiqembu larnaphoyisa Iwenza ukuthi 19cme ibanjiwe imigulukudu yeBig Six. Besingahlose khona-ke ukuhIaziya le ncwadi engenhla ngokuphelele, kodwa OOkuwukuzama ukwenza isibonelo sokuthi nebala luyatholakala uphenyo kuyona yize lungayenzi ukuthi iOO yinoveli yopbenyo ephelele. 2.3.3 INOVELI YOPHENYO YESIMANJE Njengoba . OOkuphawulekile pharnbilini ukuthi kunendlala kamadlantule yarnanoveli ophenyo, kubukeka sengathi ngaphandle kwezincwadi zikaM.M. Masondo, iyodwa engena khaxa ngaphansi kohloOO olungabizwa ngokuthi olwesimanje. Leyo yilena ebhalwe ngu-e.T. Msimang, ethi Walivuma Icala (1996). Zithi zibekwa nje kule ndaba besethulelwa Iowa ongumphenyi futhi ongumlingiswa osernqoka, uMbhekeni umfo kaDlamini. Le ndaba itholakala iharnOOlana kakhulu nemigomo yenoveli yophenyo, kanje: 2.3.3.1 ICALA LOBUGEBENGU ELIBUKEKA LlSOBALA Le ndaba ithi iqala oje, kuvezwe uMandlenkosi Mtshali ongumsolwa ecaleni lokubulawa kukaZinhle Mavundla elivuma leli cala enkantolo. Kubukeka kungasekho kuphikisana-ke okungalokhu kwenziwa ngoba umsolwa uzivumela yena icala. Enjalo-nje akafune bheyili nammeli. Phezu kwalokhu kunobufakazi obuqanda ikhanda OOkuthi uMandlenkosi wabanjwa amaphoyisa ewuphethe ummese owajuqa uZinhle. Ngalezi zizathu ezibalwe ngenhla, kubukeka kusobala ukuthi uMandlenkosi uyena ngempela umbulali. Libukeka lisobala-ke icala. 2.3.3.2 UMSOLWA ONUKEKA EBE ENGENACALA UMand!enkosi Mtshali unukeka enganacala kule ndaba. Lokhu kunukeka kuqhutshe!wa pharnbili uyena luqoOO, ngokulivurna kwakbe leli cala. lJMsirnang (I996:2), uthi: 44 Aqale acimeze isildlatlri eside lh\o1andla Uthe esuka ware eqanula kakhulu amehlo. Agqolozele futhi kuIeyo ndawo emshayweni, anikine ikhanda qede aphendule ngembodlongo yezwi athi: "Yebo nkosi yenkantolo! Ngiyaliv"UIIla icala.~ Esweni eliqaphelayo Iruyabonakala nokho ekwenzeni kukaMandla oIruchazwe ngenhla ukuthi kukhona oIrushaya amanZJ. ObeseIruyodinga uIruthi Irulandelisiswe uIruthi ulenze ngempela yini leli cala aIivumayo. UMandla uphinde angafuni ukuzwa ngommeli nanganoma yiluphi olunye usizo olungase lumelekelele uIruthi angagwetshelwa leli cala. Kukhona kodwa abakholelwa uIruthi akanacala. Okumangaza kakhulu uIruthi phakathi kwabo kukhona uNontobeko ongudadewabo walowo obulewe. Kukhona nodadewabo kaMandlenkosi uThandeka, unina uMaSibiya kanye noMbhekeni, umphenyi ozimele. 2.3.3.3 UKUNHLANHLATHA KWAMAPHOYISA USayitsheni Mbatha uyena owethulwa egqamisa ukunhlanhlatha kwamaphoyisa kule ndaba. Nango eyosukela uMbhekeni umphenyi ozimele emzini wakhe eyomesabisa, emsongela, kubanjeya. Msimang (1996:48): "Dlamini, angizile ukuzobuza imibuzo. Ngizokutshela. Okwesibili wena awuyona nakancane intanga yokudazisana nami inkani. Okwakho uIrulalela engiIrutshela khona. NgiyaIrutshela-ke ngithi uMtshali usesibhalile isitatimende. Asikho-ke isidingo sokuba wena uzomfunza esakho. UMbatha unhlanhlatha ngokuthi ashaye sengathi ukuphenya amacala lokhu Iruya ngobudala. Abuye athathe ngoIruthi okubhalwe esitatimendeni sekuyikhoyikho, akusenakuvela obunye ubufakazi obungaIruguqula konke [okho obekuvele kuqala. Kwenye ingxenye, Msimang (1996:148), sithola la mazwi: Wayilamula, Nondaba. Ngithe angiqale kuwe ngoIrubona ukuthi uma ngiqala kuSayitsheni Mbatha sizoxabana. Angazi noma use)'agUga yini lowo. Usenelinye nje ikhanda elilukhuni muva nje. La mazwi acashuniwe afakazela ukuthi nebala kuyabonakaIa ukunhlanhlatha emgudwini wokuphenya kala lapha kuSayitsheni uMbatha. 2.3.3.4 UKUKHALIPHA KOMPHENYI NOKUQAPHELA OIWTHE 45 XAXA Zibekwa nje, inkukhu yavele yawusola urngqakazo Iapha IruMbhekeni ukuthi kukhona okushaya amanzi kuIokhu lruvunywa kwecala. Msimang (1996:4), sithola lokhu: Konje ngabe wembulelwani ngalokhu uMbhekeni? lzinyernbezi zendoda endala zamhlaba ezinzulwini zenhliziyo waba nomunyu ongayiwa. Nakanjani inkulu indaba kuleli cala. Kuthi lapho ekhurnbula ukuthi le ndoda esikhalisa okwenina manje We iqephuza emizuzwini engemingaki ithi yiyona ayabulala uZinhle futhi imbulala ngenhloso nangesihluku. Pho manje isitetenyiswa yini? Yilokhu kukhalipha nokuqaphela okwenza uMbhekeni angene shi kuleli cala, ukuze ekugcineni akwazi ukuvumbulula okuningi amaphoyisa anjengoMbatha ayengakubonanga. 2.3.3.5 IBOHLOLOLO ELETHUSAYO AlruveIi kahle nokho okwethusayo ebohlololweni lale ndaba. Okwethusayo kutholakala engxenyeni ebonakala iwuvuthondaba lwale ndaba. Uvuthondaba yilapho okutholakala khona uNsimbi ebholokoqa amaqiniso ngokubulala kwakhe uZinhle. Lokhu kutholakala kuMsimang (1996:213): "Nkosi yenkantolo, ngaya kwaMavundla, ngibizwe ngumama wakhona uMaMchunu."... "'Ngamfica emele indodakazi yakhe umufi ethi ayifonele uMandla imtshele ukuthi isimalile. Indodakazi yakhe - ngisho urnufi u... uZinhJe - yafona yamala uMandla kodwa ikhala. Yathi ingafona waphendukela kimi wathi nango-ke umakoti wakho akusekho bhobhodlelana elizokubangisa yena. Waphuma wasishiya sobabili. Ngajabula ukuthola [eIi thuba ngoba kwase kuyiminyaka ngimeshela uZinhle kodwa engafuni ukungiqoma. l.JNsimbi ugeqa amagula aze afinyelele lapho achaza khona indlela abulala ngayo uZinhle, Msimang (1996:213), athi: Ngamfica eFive Roses ngazama ukumncenga, ngimkhombisa ukuthi ngimthanda kanja.'1i. Wanginqaphiya kabuh[ungu esho 46 noIrnthi uqoma ukufa kunokuthandana nodoti ofana nami. Isikhwele nentukuthelo kwangengama ngehluleka ukuzibamba. Kwathi fithi, kwabamnyama emehlweni. Angazi ukuthi umese ngawukhipha nini. Ngamgwaza ngaphansi kwebele wawela phansi ngoba sasikade sikhuluma simile. Ngakhwela phezu kwakhe ngamgwaza enqwababeni ngasemithombothini. Ngangithi kungeono afe kunolruba aphelele kuMandla. Okuxoxwa ngakho ebohlololweni ngokwenzeka emva kokuba uNsimbi esethweswe icala, inhlanzi isishelwe amanzi kuMaMchunu. Usethole impama eshisayo kuMavundla maqede wamshiya khona lapho emagcekeni asenkantolo. UMaMchunu uze udatshukelwa uNontobeko ngokumnika imali yokugibela. Msimang (1996:216): Ufuna ukumshiya unina, amshiye eyinhlwa ezizweni, kodwa kuyala. Ekugcineni ukhipha isikhwama semaIi. Ukhipha iheheba elibomvu 1ika-R50. Uqonda kunina umnika Iooa. Uyavalelisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi Iingabekwa ngembaba ukuthi akukho ukudalulwa kulesi sigaba kokuthi uphenyo lulandelwe kanjani. Futhi kubukeka besingekho nesidingo ngoba uphenyo lukaMbhekeni beluvele lusobala ngesikhathi lwenzeka. 2.4 ISIPHEmO Sekubekekile ukuthi injulayesu!ena uqobo Iwayo iyihlumela letiyori lesu. Umsunguli wayo uMjalimane owayaziwa ngokuthi uSiptzer. Injulayesu itbolakala iyisifundo esigxile ekucubunguleni isu. Kuvele nokuthi uma sibuka isu kukhona umqondo othi liwumuntu uqobo Iwakhe: style is the man himself. Lo rnqondo kuthiwa wasungulwa mnJalimane onguBuffon, echaza ukuthi isu liveza indlela umbhali acabanga ngayo nanendlela abuka ngayo izinto. Kuvele nokuthi ISU lingehlukana kuye ngohlobo lombhalo. Njengokuthi umbhalo ohlekisayo ubhalwa ngendlela ehleleke yabalula kunenoveli yenkolo nje. Inoveli ehlekisayo ayicopheleli ukucwecwa amagama kangako, iv.uthelawayeka uma iqhathaniswa neyenkolo. Kuthintekile ukuthi kuba khona nesu eliqanjwe ngumlobi othile maqede lalandelwa futhi lathuthukiswa abanye ababhali. Kulapho okuvele khona nokuthi cishe seliyobakhona nje ISU likaM.M. Masondo 47 ekubhalweni kwenoveli yopbenyo. Kuvele nokuthi isu liwnkusbo into eyodwa ngezindlela ezahIukene, kwaze kwafaniswa nomdlalo webhola likanobhutshuzwayo abadlali balo abalikhahlela ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kuthinteke nokuthi kukhona nesu eIigxIle ekwahlukaneni kwezikhathi. Kukhona isu lenoveIi endaIa, kusukela eminyakeni yowe-I920 kuya kowe-I940. Kwakusenzinyana lapha, kusathenyelezwa indaba iba nezigabagaba ezixoxa izindatshana ezingefani, nolimi lungahlelekile kahle. Iningi lamanoveli ale nkathi ayesagxiIe emlandweni waKwazulu. Iminyaka esukela kowe -1941 kuya kowe 1960, yayisinendlela yokubhala engconywana. Ulimi seluthuthukile, ababhali sebephumela obala ngaleyo mibono abafuna ukuyedlulisela kubafundi. Izindikimba eziningi ziphethe izifundo ezithile. Kungasagxiliwe kakhulu emlandweni. Iminyaka yowe-I960 kuza nganeno osekuyiminyaka yenoveli yesimanje, yandelwe phakathi kwezinye izinto; yindlela yokungenisa indaba engathemelezi kanye nolimi Iwesimanjemanje oIumbandakanya nokuxubaxuba izilimi. Kuthinteke nensizakuhlaziya yesenzekongqo. Kwaphawuleka ukuthi lena yindlela yokubhala ezama ukuveza indlela izinto zibe njengoba zinjalo. Kungaba ukubhala ngabo ubugebengu nokuphenywa kwamacala obugebengu, kungaba yizifo ezifana ne-ngculazi nesandulela sayo kanye nezinye izigameko ezehla ngesihluku nokwesabisa njengeTsunami kanye nezigemegeme ezingadle ngakwethusa zemihla ngemihla ezithinta imindeni nemiphakathi. Kuthinteke nokuthi uma kubukisiswa, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamanoveli ophenyo esiZulwini. Kukhona esingathi yinoveli yophenyo yakudala, lapho okukhetheke khona inoveli ethi Ngiyoze Ngimthole (1969). Kuphawuleke nokuthi akhona namanoveli analo uphenyo, futhi olubhaleke ngendlela ehlabablose kakhulu impela nje, kodwa angenaso isidingo ngqangi sokuthi uphenyo kubeyilona oluthwala indaba kusuka ngasekuqaleni lZe iyophela, nokuthi umlingiswa osemqoka kube umphenyi wecala. 48 Lolu hlobo lwethrwe igama elithi; IBOVeti YopIleDyo Eugaphelele. Lapha kuphawuleke kabarmma ngencwadi ethi Sekusele Imizuzu ...(l997). Uhlobo lwesithathu, yilolo lwamanoveli ophenyo esimanje. Lapha kuphawuleke ngencwadi ethi Walivuma lcola (1996). Lolu hlobo yilona olufuzene nolwezincwadi zika M.M. Masondo. 49 ISAHLUKO SESITHATHU 3.0 IMIGOMO YENOVELI YOPHENYO 3.1 ISINGENISO Lesi sahIuko siyimikhakha emibili. Umkhakha wokuqala wethula iqoqa lamanoveli ophenyo kaMasondo, okuzogxilwa kuwo kulolu cwaningo. Le ngxenye yalesi sahluko iyosiza labo abayofunda 10 msebenzi wocwaningo bengazange balithole ithuba Iokuwafunda onke amanoveli kaMasondo esigxile kuwo lapha. Ngenxa yobuningi bamanoveli asizukugxila kuyo yonke imininingwane yaleyo naleyo noveli, kodwa sizothinta amaphuzu asemqoka nje ukuze kulandeleke kangcono ukuthi leyo naleyo noveli iquketheni. Kuso lesi sahluko sizobuye sigxile ekucubunguleni imigomo yenoveli yophenyo. Le rnigomo iyona okufanele ilandelwe umbhali kulolu hlobo lombhalo. Iyona-ke ezokhomba ukuthi uMasondo usondele okukanye uqhele kangakanani kulokbo okufanelekile. 3.2 IQOQA LAMANOVELI KAMASONDO 3.2.1 lphisi Nezinyoka (1990: A) Le ndaba imayelana nophenyo lokugqekezwa kwebhange iLYalion Bank. Umphenyi wecala uThemba Zondo. Umuntu wokuqala axoxa naye uThemba rnayelana nopbenyo ngumphathi webhange uMagwegwe Buthelezi. Eku.xoxeni kwabo kokuqala kuvela ukuthi imali entshontshiwe ingamakhulu amabili anane ezinkulungwane zamarandi. Kuvela nokuthi izigebengu zagqekeza ihhovisi lakhe uMagwegwe zase zifinyelela kalula esisefeni. Kwamsolisa lokhu UZondo, ukuthi kufanele ukuthi kwenziwe umuntu onolwazi oluphelele ngebhange. UButhelezi wengeza nangokuthi kwatholakala isinqamu sik3g\vayi onensangu lapho okwagqekezwa khona Indaba yensangu yenza ukuthi UZondo akalandele umkhondo kanoma ubani obhema insangu ngethemba Iokuthi angase azithele kulowo noma kulabo abagqekeza ebhange. Esikhundleni sokusombululeka kwale nkinga uZondo 50 uzithola enqwamana nezinye izinItinga, njengokohlaselwa yintsha yaseRudi's Disco. Uphinde ashaywe urnuntu otInle ngenkathi ephindela egumbini lakhe. Lokhu kushaywa kwakhe kumyisa esibhedlela lapho afIke ahoshe khona umkhondo ngoTaga, owezwa ngandlebenye ukuthi naye ubhema insangu. Ekulandeleni kwakhe umkhondo kaTaga kugcina kucaca ukuthi uyogcina ebambe utalagu. Ekuhlanganeni noMhlobo Mvubu oyiphoyisa elingumphenyi wecala kucaca ukuthi akukho lusizo olutheni uZondo azoluthola Empeleni uMvubu akahlonizi ngokuthi akamdingi uZondo ukuthi aphenye leli cala. Unya uMhlobo amukela ngalo uZondo Iwenza ukuthi agcine esesoleka ukuthi kukhona akugodlayo noma asola ukuthi kungase kuvumbululeke uma kuqhutshekwa nophenyo. Kuwo Iowa mnyama kuvela udaba lukaBheki Hlophe owayefIsa ukubonana noZondo. Ngeshwa uHIophe wabulawa bengakabonani noZondo. Kuyamkhanyela UZondo ukuthi urnbulali Iona uhIangene nokugqekezwa kwebhange futhi nguye Iona owayemhlasele ehhotela. UZondo uyaqhubeka nokuqhwandaqhwanda ngokubulawa kukaHlophe angatholi lutho oluphathekayo ngisho kuBusisiwe imbala udadewabo kaHlophe. Okwaqina ekubuyeni kwakhe kuBusisiwe, yizinsolo zokuthi kukhona okushaya amanzi ngoMvubu. Okokuqala uMvubu wayeshaye sengathi akamazi uBusisiwe. Okwesibili uBusisiwe waveza ukuthi urnbone engaphathekile kahle uMvubu. Lokhu kusoleka kukaMvubu kuholela UZondo ekuthini aqinise ukuphenya ngaye. Uqhwanda aze athole ngoSipho umsizi kaMhlobo ukuthi unkabi Iona wake wasebenza esiteshini samaphoyisa eKatlehong. Nokuthi uMhlobo akathandisisi ukuthi kuxoxwe ngaleyo ndaba UZondo wabona kufanelekile ukuthi akayophenya ukuthi bazini ngol\, ukuxabana nokubuyisana kwabo, ukwesasa nokunengwa kwabo, ukwehluleka nokuphumelela kwabo, izifiso namaphupho kanye nemidlinzo yabo. Sibona kusemqoka-ke ukuthi nakulolu cwaningo kesigxile ekucubunguleni ukuthi uMasondo uv"usingathe ngempurnelelo engakanani 10 rnunxa. UMaphumulo (1995:65), uthi: Abalingiswa babaIuleke kakhulu ekukhuliseni inoveli. Abalingiswa bangabantu abaqanjwe umbhali. Yibona abenza izinlo ezenzeka enovelini. II6 EsiZulwini kujwayeleke ukuthi uma kucutshungulwa abalingiswa benoveli kugxilwe ekubahlungeni ngokuthi kukhona abaveza onke amacala empilo kanye nalabo abanecala eliIodwa. LaOO abavezwa macala onke ernpilo yabo, batholakala benza okuthile okuhle, kubambe kubambe batholakale sebeveza izici ezithile ezijivaza 1000 buble. Abanecala elilodwa yilabo abathi uma bevezwe benza okuthile okuble bese kuvele kuba kuhle konke okwabo. Kanjalo firthi urna sebenze okuthile okubi, kuthathe kube kubi konke okwabo. Sebebaningi-ke ababhali asebebhale irnisebenzi yocwaningo ethinta lokhu kwehlukaniswa kwabalingiswa, beveza imibono eyablukene ngakho. Ekucubunguleni ngalolu daba, kuvelile ukungayi nxanye kuhle kwamanzi kwabacubunguli balokbu kuvezwa kwabalingiswa UMuir (1979:25), ubeka kanje ngabalingiswa abanecala eilodwa: Their uncbangeability may seem at variance with truth, and it has often been called a fault. It is claimed that they should be more like "life"; that they should not keep one side always turned to the reader; that they should revolve, showing us all their facets instead of an unchanging surface. Ukungaguquki kwabo kungaOOnakala kuphambene neqmlso, nokuvame ukubukwa njengephutha Kuthatheka ngokuthi kufanele baharnbisane nernpilo yangempela bangavezeli umfundi uhlangothi olulodwa, kodwa baguquguquke, basitshengise yonke imikbakha yempilo yabo esikbundleni sengaphandle elingaguquki. Abanye ochwepheshe abangabacubunguli bokubhalwa kwenoveli bayakuvuna ukusetshenziswa kwabalingiswa abanohlangothi olulodwa. UForster (1974:47), ukuvuna kanje: One great advantage of flat characters is that they are easily recognized whenever they come in-recognized by the reader's emotional eye, not by the visual eye which merely notes the recurrence of a proper name. It is a convenience for an author when he can strike with his full force at once, and flat characters are Very useful to him since they never need reintroducing, never run away: have not to ~ watched for development, Usizo olukbulu Iwabalingiswa abanohlangothi olulodwa, ukuthi babonakala kalula njalo uma bengena, babonwe yiso lomphefumulo lomfundi, hhayi elenyama Iona elibona ukuphindeka kwegama. Kuyamsiza firthi umbhali uma ekwazi ukugadla kanye kuzwele, Il7 abalingiswa bohIangotbi oIulodwa bayasiza kakbulu-ke ngoba abadingi kwethulwa kabusba, abeduki, abadingi kukhuliswa, Abanye abacubunguli balo mkhakha wenoveli bagxila ekuthini umlingiswa kufanele abonakale ekhula kanye nendaba. Bathi umlingiswa uqala avezwe eyigama nje ngasekuqaleni. Ngisho ngabe umlobi emethule kable kangakanani kodwa umfundi uthola ukumqonda kahle ngokukhula kwendaba. Ekucwaningeni amanoveli kaMasondo asizukugxila kakhulu ekuthini yibaphi OOalingiswa abaveza zonke izinhlangothi zempilo nokuthi yibaphi abaveza uhlangothi olulodwa Isisetshenzwe kakhulu kweminye imisebenzi yocwaningo le ndlela yokuhlaziya abalingiswa, asikholwa ukuthi kukhona okusha kangako okungazuzeka njengomnikelo owephusiIe uma sigxiIa kuyona nakulo msebenzi. Mhlawumbe kuzokwanela ukuthi sicubungule labo balingiswa OOagqamile kanye nalabo OOangagqamile kangako emanovelini kaMasondo. Sizocubungula ukuthi yini eyenza abanye bagqame kunabanye, nokuthi laba OOangagqamile bOOambe qhaza lini ekugqamiseni 1000 abagqamile. Nokuthi sebebonke banaqhaza lini ekuphakamiseni upbenyo lwamanoveli azocutshungulwa Kunoma yimuphi umbhalo wenoveli, kubakhona abalingiswa abagqamayo kunOOanye, kubuye kubekhona OOavela benza okungabalulekile ngokutheni. Lokhu kungOOaluleki kwabo nokho kwenza umsebenzi wokuphakamisela uphenyo kwelinye izinga nokugqamisa kakhulu laba abagqamile. UHarvey ku-Stevick (1967:235), uthi: Some characters stand in full light, others remain shadowy, still others advance and retreat in our consciousness as readers. Abanye abaIingiswa bama bagqame, abanye babesethunzini, kanti OOanye bayakhula baphinde banyomuke emicabangweni yethu njengabafundi. Okuqaphelekayo futhi ngemibhaIo kaMasondo ukuthi kunamagama athiIe abalingiswa afanayo awasebenzise emanovelini ehlukene. Ngibhekise emagameni anjengoMagwegwe Burhelezi. oMhlobo Mvubu, oPopi, oMamba, oShongwe, oSibisi kanye namanye. Sizocubungula ukuthi lokhu kusebenzisa kwakhe la magama ngokuwaphindaphinda nasekuzwakaleni kwale ndaba. knnamphumela mum lIS ek:ulandelelteni 4.2 IQHAZA LABALlNGISWA 4.2.1 IPmSI NEZINYOKA Abalingiswa abagqamile knle noveli nababarnbe iqhaza elibhekile elrukhuliseni uphenyo yilaba: uThemba Zondo, uMagwegwe Buthelezi kanye noMhlobo Mvubu. UThemba Zondo ugqame kakhulu, uyilokhu esingakubiza ngokuthi umlingiswa omkhulu ngokwejwayelekile. Uyena ongumphenyi wecala knle noveli. Uphenya icala lokugqekezwa maqede kwebiwe imali ebhange laseNation Bank. Ubumqoka bakhe-ke bugxile ekuthini uyena osukumisa indaba ngomkhankaso wakhe wophenyo. Uphenyo lwakhe luthi luqhuba indaba, ikakhulu beluvumbulula abanye abalingiswa abagqamile nalabo abangagqamile kangako. Sivezile emakhasini andulelayo ukuthi ekuphenyeni kukaZondo zithi zibekwa nje asheshe asole ukuthi ukulahleka kwezimali kuyoxhumana nomuntu othile osondelene nebhange iNation Bank. Masondo (1990 A:7), uthi: ~Kuyacaca Mnurnzane ukuthi lezi zigebengu zinolwazi oluphelele lwalapha ebhange. Umuntu ozifanela nami wayengeke azi ukuthi angayitholaphi imali. Ngabe ngiyezwa ukuthi imali yathathwa !ena azisefeni ngaphambili." Lo mcabango kaZondo uyiqiniso, njengoba kugcina kuhlalukile ekugcineni. Ukuphenya kwakhe ngobuchwepheshe kusethulela omunye umJingiswa ogqamile onguMagwegwe Buthelezi. UButhelezi ubamba iqhaza elikhulu kabi ekuphakarniseni le ndaba. Nokho sizobuyela kuye kamuva. UZondo uyiphakamisela kwelinye izinga indaba ngenkathi esephuma uphurno lokuyothungatha ababhema umthunzi wezinkukhu. Kumfundi kubakhona novalo lokuthi nango phela eyosukela imamba isemgodini wayo. Nanokuthi kazi-ke uzohlwaya abantu ababhema insangu aqaIephi agcinephi njengoba iSoweto ingaka nje. II9 UMasondo urnsebenzise ngempumelelo uZondo e/ruphakamiseni indaba kanye nophenyo. Iphakama ngempela phela uma se/rulandeleka isigameko saseRudi's Disco. UZondo uphikelela Iapha eRudi's Disco ngenhloso yo/rulandela umkhondo wabafana abadla umthunzi wezinkukhu. Kufanele athole noma ubani obhema insangu emva kokucotshelelwa uMagwegwe ukuthi kwatholakala isinqamu somthunzi wezinkukhu lapho okwakugqekezwe khona ibhange. NebaIa ufike azichome /rumaIunda ngenkathi ezitheJa kuJoo neqembu lakhe alisolisa sengathi nalo liyakhosela emthunzini wezinkukhu 10; Masondo (1990 A:14): Wathi lacu, uJoe. Wafike wahlwitha ingilazi esandleni sikaZondo. Esamangele uZondo ukuthi kwenzakalani, umfana Iona wamthela ngotshwaIa ebusweni maqede wamvusa phansi ngenamandla inqindi lena. Kuba khona u/rufisa ukwazi u/ruthi kazi Zondo ndini uzokwazi yini ukuzikhipha kulolu taku ozifake /rulo. Kucaca nokuthi lolu suku lumphathele izigameko ezinzima uZondo, ngoba ekuphaphameni kule nqindi, uzithela emadodeni amabili ambuza ukuthi usexatshaniswa yini nalezi zingane. Ekuxoxeni kwakhe naleli bandla elizethula njengoBongani Maphaha kanye n010nas Maleka, kuyamkhanyera ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uzoba ngumqansa. La madoda awamfihleli ukuthi akemukelekiJe Japha eSoweto. Masondo (J 990 A: 17): Asidingi phoyisa laseThekwini elizokhombisa ukuhlakanipha kwalo ngo/ruba libambe umuntu walapha eSoweto. Ekwahlukaneni naIa madoda eRudi's Disco, uZondo uphindela ehhoteJa lapho futhi ahlangana khona nezimbila zithutha ziholwa ngemhlophe phambili: Masondo (1990 A:I7): Wafike wafaka ukhiye woku,;ula, maqede wavuleka umnyango. Wangena ngaphakathi waphumputha inkinobho yokukhanyisa ugesi. Esaphurnputha, wezwa ubukhwashakhwasha, kodwa akubange kusamsiza ukuzama kwakhe ukubaleka. 120 Khona manjaIo wezwa into eyamgqimiza sengathi ushaywa isando emva kwendlebe. Kwaba mnyama amehlo wawa waphela khona lapho. Lesi sigameko sokugqinyizwa kukaZondo siwaphakamisa kakhulu amaphaphu, kanjaIo nendaba nje. lngena kwelinye izinga le ndaba uma sesininga ukuthi kungabe uZondo uhlangane nezinswelaboya nje, noma lokhu kuhlaselwa kwakhe kuyindlela yokumphazamisa emshikashikeni wokuphenya icala? Futhi kungaba ubani noma obani laba abafuna ukumenza isilo sengubo? Uphinde alukhuphulele kwelinye izinga lolu phenyo uZondo ngenkathi eselandela umkhondo kaTaga Nxumalo. Lokhu kwenziwa kakhulu nayinkulumo uZondo ayihosha kukaDokotela Motaung, ekhuluma nomuntu othile ocingweni; Masondo (1990 A:26): ~...ngikhathazeke kakhulu uma ebuza lokhu ngoba uTaga ukuyo le nkinga, mnurnzane Nxumalo...~ Kulo leli khasi elicashunwe ngenhla, kuphinde kuvele la mazwi: ~Taga, ngifuna ukukubona kusasa ekuseni... Cha. Akumele.. .iapho . Uqaphele izinto ozenza nabangane bakho zingakufaki ejele . Okay...?~ Kubakhona ukusola ukuthi uZondo usezithele emkhondweni abekade e\\